Asymptotic Fermat for signatures \((r,r,p)\) using the modular approach (Q6054742)

Let \(K\) be a totally real field and \(\mathcal O_K\) be its ring of integers. For a fixed rational prime \(r\ge 5\), we let \(\zeta\) denote an \(r\)-th primitive root of unity and \(K^+=K(\zeta+\zeta^{-1})\). In this paper, the author uses the modular method to study non-trivial primitive solutions \((x,y,z)\in\mathcal O_K^3\) of the equation \(x^r+y^r=z^p\) for a varying prime \(p\). We call \((r,r,p)\) the signature of the equation \(x^r+y^r=z^p\). We now assume that \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(r\) is inert in \(K\); \item[2.] there is a unique prime \(\mathfrak{P}\) above \(2\) in \(K^{+}\) with ramification index \(e\); \item[3.] the narrow class number of \(K^+\) is odd; \item[4.] the congruence \(\zeta+\zeta^{-1}-2 \equiv v^{2} \bmod \mathfrak{P}^{(4 e+1)}\) has no solutions in \(v \in \mathcal{O}_{K^{+}} / \mathfrak{P}^{(4 e+1)}\). \end{itemize} Then the author proves that there exists a constant \(B:=B_{K, r}\) such that, for each rational prime \(p>B\), the equation \(x^{r}+y^{r}=z^{p}\) has no non-trivial primitive solutions \((x, y, z) \in \mathcal{O}_{K^{+}}\) with \(\mathfrak{P} \mid z\). We note that the constant \(B\) depends only on \(r\) and \(K\). This result leads to several corollaries for the Diophantine equation \(x^r+y^r=z^p\) over a totally real field. For example, the author obtains that for most of the primes \(r < 150\) with \(r\not\equiv1 \mod 8\), there are no non-trivial primitive integer solutions to the equation \(x^{r}+y^{r}=z^{p}\) with \(2 \mid z\) for \(p>B_{\mathbb Q,r}\). In another example, when \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})\) there are no non-trivial primitive solutions \((x, y, z) \in \mathcal{O}_{K}^{3}\) with \(\sqrt{2} \mid z\) for signatures \((5,5, p),(11,11, p),(13,13, p)\) and sufficiently large \(p\).