Normality for monoid monomorphisms (Q6057045)

\textit{A clot, a positive cone} and a \textit{normal subobject} of a monoid are defined as the zero-class of an internal reflexive relation, of a preorder or of a congruence, respectively. For a category \(\mathcal R\), a \textit{normal monomorphism} with respect to \(\mathcal R\) as well as the normalization functor \(N\colon {\mathcal R} \to \) \textbf{Mono(C)}, where \textbf{C} is a certain category, are defined. It is proved that if \textbf{C} is a pointed, well-povered and finitely complete category with arbitrary intersections and \(\mathcal R\) a pullback stable full subcategory of the one of internal relations on \textbf{C} closed under arbitrary intersections, then the normalization functor \(N\colon {\mathcal R} \to \) \textbf{Mono(C)} has a left adjoint \(F\colon\) \textbf{Mono(C)}\(\to \mathcal R\). Several equivalent conditions for a monoid monomorphism \(m\colon M\to A\) to be a normal subobject (a positive cone, a clot, respectively) are derived (here \(m(M)\) is identified with \(M\)). For example, a monoid monomorphism \(m\colon M\to A\) is a normal subobject (a positive cone, a clot, respectively) if and only if for every \(x,y\in A\) and every \(u\in M\), \(xy\in M \iff xuy\in M\) (\(xy\in M \Rightarrow xuy\in M; xy=1\Rightarrow xuy\in M\), respectively). Eleven examples were constructed to illustrate different aspects of the topics covered.