Characterization of Ulam-Hyers stability of linear differential equations with periodic coefficients (Q6058865)

The equation \[ x^{(n)}+a_{1}x^{(n-1)}+\dots+a_{n}x=0\tag{1} \] with \(a_{1},a_{2},\dots,a_{n}\in C(R,K)\), with solution \(x\in C^{n}(R,X)\), where \(X\) is a Banach space over \(K=\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\), is said to be Ulam-Hyers stable on the interval \(R\) if there exists \(m> 0\) such that, for any \(\epsilon > 0\) and any \(\varphi\in C ^{n}( R, X )\) for which \[ \lVert \varphi^{(n)}+a_{1}\varphi^{(n-1)}+...+a_{n}\varphi\rVert\leq \epsilon, \] there exists a solution \( \psi \in C^{n}(R,X) \) of (1) with \( \lVert\varphi-\psi \rVert \leq m\epsilon. \) In the same way, the equation \[ x'=Ax,\tag{2} \] with \(A\in C(R,M_{n}(K))\), where \(M_{n}(K)\) is the set of \(n\times n\) matrices with entries in \(K\), is said to be Ulam-Hyers stable on the time interval \(R\) if there exists \(m> 0\) such that, for any \(\epsilon > 0\), and \(\varphi \in C^{1}(R,X^{n})\) for which \(\lVert \varphi'-A\varphi \rVert \leq \epsilon\), there exists a solution \(\psi \in C^{1} (R,X^{n})\) of (2) with \(\lVert \varphi-\psi\rVert \leq m\epsilon\). In this paper, the authors study Ulam-Hyers stability on the time interval \(R\) of equations (1) and (2). They show that the Ulam-Hyers stability of (2) is equivalent to the property that for each continuous bounded function \(g:R \rightarrow X^{n}\), there exists a bounded solution of \(x'=Ax+g\). Using this property, theory of Jordan forms of matrices and Floquet theory, the authors chacterize the Ulam-Hyers stability of (2) with periodic coefficients in terms of its characteristic multipliers. Their main result states that the Ulam-Hyers stability of a linear equation with periodic coefficients of order \(n\) with unknown \(x\) is equivalent to the Ulam-Hyers stability of the corresponding system satisfied by \((x,x',\dots, x^{(n-1)})\). An exhaustive bibliography is provided with.