Perverse filtrations, Chern filtrations, and refined BPS invariants for local \(\mathbb{P}^2\) (Q6058879)

This paper is concerned with the cohomology of the moduli spaces of one-dimensional coherent sheaves on the local projective plane \(K_{\mathbb{P}^2}\), that is, the non-compact Calabi-Yau 3-fold obtained as the total space of the canonical line bundle of the projective plane. This cohomology carries a perverse filtration P which plays an important role in the mathematical definition of refined BPS Gopakumar-Vafa invariants in enumerative geometry. The main content of the paper is a formulation of a P=C conjecture, conjecturally identifying in some low degree range the perverse filtration with a Chern filtration defined in terms of tautological classes. This conjecture can be viewed as an analog to the celebrated P=W conjecture for moduli spaces of Higgs bundles. The P=C conjecture also predicts a stabilization of the refined BPS invariants in the limit of curves of high degree. The authors prove by explicit calculations the P=C conjecture for moduli space of sheaves supported on curves of degree less or equal than 4.