Vector bundles and connections on Riemann surfaces with projective structure (Q6060671)

This paper is devoted, as the title suggests, to vector bundles and connections on Riemann surfaces with projective structure. Let \(\mathcal{B}_g(r)\) be the moduli space of triples of the form \((X,K^{1/2}_X,F)\), where \(X\) is a compact connected Riemann surface of genus \(g\), with \(g\geq2\), \(K^{1/2}_X\) is a theta characteristic on \(X\) (the holomorphic cotangent bundle of \(X\) is denoted by \(K_X\)), and \(F\) is a stable vector bundle on \(X\) of rank \(r\) and degree zero. The authors construct a \(T^*\mathcal{B}_g(r)\)-torsor \(\mathcal{H}_g(r)\) over \(\mathcal{B}_g(r)\). This generalizes on the one hand the torsor over the moduli space of stable vector bundles of rank \(r\), on a fixed Riemann surface \(Y\), given by the moduli space of algebraic connections on the stable vector bundles of rank \(r\) on \(Y\), and on the other hand the torsor over the moduli space of Riemann surfaces given by the moduli space of Riemann surfaces with a projective structure. It is shown that \(\mathcal{H}_g(r)\) has a holomorphic symplectic structure compatible with the \(T^*\mathcal{B}_g(r)\)-torsor structure. The authors also describe \(\mathcal{H}_g(r)\) in terms of the second order matrix valued differential operators. It is shown that \(\mathcal{H}_g(r)\) is identified with the \(T^*\mathcal{B}_g(r)\)-torsor given by the sheaf of holomorphic connections on the theta line bundle over \(\mathcal{B}_g(r)\). The result of this paper, as well as those of [\textit{I. Biswas} and \textit{J. Hurtubise}, Asian J. Math. 25, No. 4, 455--476 (2021; Zbl 1487.53110); Adv. Math. 389, Article ID 107918, 29 p. (2021; Zbl 1472.14038)], have a flavor of geometric quantization: a symplectic manifold projects to a manifold of half the dimension, equipped with a line bundle with a connection. The fibers of the projection are Lagrangians, and the curvature of the connection is the symplectic form. The authors appear to be unaware, however, of any concrete link to geometric quantization. This paper consists of the following sections: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject and statement of results. Section 2 deals with stable \(r\)-opers and their properties. Section 3 is devoted to the space of algebraic connections and Section 4 to infinitesimal deformations. Section 5 deals with affine space structure and Section 6 with differential operators, integral kernels and \(r\)-opers. Section 7 is devoted to a canonical holomorphic section and Section 8 to a canonical isomorphism of torsors and a symplectic structure. Section 9 deals with isomonodromy and symplectic form.