On the soft \(p\)-converse to a theorem of Gross-Zagier and Kolyvagin (Q6061992)

The pioneering work of Gross-Zagier and Kolyvagin proves the BSD Conjecture for elliptic curves of analytic rank one: \[ \mathrm{ord}_{s=1}L(E,s) = 1 \quad \Rightarrow \quad\mathrm{rank}_{\mathbb Z} E(\mathbb Q ) = 1 \text{ and } \#\Sha(E/\mathbb Q) < \infty. \] The other implication is known as a \textit{converse theorem} and is the subject of the paper under review. When the elliptic curve has complex multiplication, such a converse theorem is known by the work of Rubin, Bertrand, and Perrin-Riou. The first such results for non-CM elliptic curves were obtained by \textit{W. Zhang} [Camb. J. Math. 2, No. 2, 191--253 (2014; Zbl 1390.11091)] and \textit{C. Skinner} [Ann. Math. (2) 191, No. 2, 329--354 (2020; Zbl 1447.11071)] under some assumptions on the conductor of the elliptic curve. The main point of the paper under review is to remove all these ramification assumptions, thereby proving the full converse implication: \[ \mathrm{rank}_{\mathbb Z} E(\mathbb Q ) = 1 \text{ and } \#\Sha(E/\mathbb Q) < \infty \quad \Rightarrow \quad \mathrm{ord}_{s=1}L(E,s) = 1. \] The method of proof is \(p\)-adic and the main result of the paper is a \textit{soft} \(p\)-converse theorem (Corollary 1.2). If \(E\) is a non-CM elliptic curve over \(\mathbb Q\) and \(p>3\) is a good ordinary prime for \(E\) such that: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(E[p]\) is an irreducible mod \(p\) representation, \item[2.] \(\mathrm{corank}_{\mathbb Z_p}\mathrm{Sel}(\mathbb Q, E[p^\infty]) = 1\), \item[3.] the restriction map \(\mathrm{res}_p\colon\mathrm{Sel}(\mathbb Q, V_p(E)) \to E(\mathbb Q_p) \otimes \mathbb Q_p\) is an isomorphism, \end{itemize} then \(\mathrm{ord}_{s=1}L(E,s) = 1\). In particular, then \(\mathrm{rank}_{\mathbb Z} E(\mathbb Q ) = 1\) and \(\#\Sha(E/\mathbb Q) < \infty\) by Gross-Zagier-Kolyvagin. A \(p\)-converse theorem with Assumption 3 is known as \textit{soft}. It holds under the assumption that \(\#\Sha(E/\mathbb Q)[p^\infty] < \infty\); see Corollary 1.4. Since Assumption 1 holds for sufficiently large \(p\), this proves the desired converse implication above in the non-CM case.