Numerical regularization for atmospheric inverse problems (Q606266)

The monograph is devoted to present and analyse the main numerical algorithms for atmospheric inverse problems. The monograph is consists of Preface, nine chapters and ten additions: Preface, 1. Remote sensing of the atmosphere, 2. Ill-posedness of linear problems, 3. Tikhonov regularization for linear problems, 4. Statistical inversion theory, 5. Iterative regularization methods for linear problems, 6. Tikhonov regularization for nonlinear problems, 7. Iterative regularization methods for nonlinear problems, 8. Total least squares, 9. Two direct regularization methods A. Analysis of continuous ill- posed problems, B. Standard-form transformation for rectangular regularization matrices, C. A general direct regularization method for linear problems, D. Chi-square distribution, F. Residual polynomials of the LSQR method, G. A general direct regularization method for nonlinear problems, H. A general iterative regularization method for nonlinear problems, I. Filter factors of the truncated total least squares method, J. Quadratic programming. In the first chapter, a short introduction to atmospheric remote sensing is given. After a short survey of the state of the atmosphere and some of its threats, the atmospheric sounding using spectroscopic technique is discussed. A review of the radiative transfer in atmosphere and a general characterization of atmospheric inverse problems are given. The second chapter is devoted to the concept of ill-posedness and analyses the solvability and ill-posedness of linear discrete equations. The analysis is focused on classical examples in atmospheric remote sensing. It is shown that these problems are modeled by Fredholm integral equations. The detailed consideration of Tikhonov regularization for linear problems is given in Chapter 3. In this chapter the authors formulate the method of Tikhonov regularization for linear problems and make some general remarks on the selection of the regularization matrix. They summarise the general singular value decomposition and discuss a variety of mathematical tools for obtaining more insight into Tikhonov regularization. Tikhonov's method of regularization is illustrated on numerical examples from atmospheric remote sensing. In Chapter 4 the statistical inversion theory is considered. They compare classical Tikhonov regularization and statistical inversion theory. In Chapter 5 different iterative regularization methods for linear problems are investigated. The authorsy consider Landweber iteration, semi-iterative regularization method, conjugate gradient method, stopping rules. The Tikhonov regularization method for nonlinear problems is discussed in Chapter 6. The authors review appropriate optimization methods for minimizing the Tikhonov function, consider practical algorithms for computing the iterates and characterize the error in the solution. They analyse the numerical performance of Tikhonov regularization with a priori, a posteriori and error-free parameter choice methods. Among numerical methods, considered in this Chapter, are the Newton method, the iterated Tikhonov regularization method, and the constrained Tikhonov regularization. Chapter 7 is devoted to iterative regularization methods for nonlinear problems. The following methods are discussed in this chapter: nonlinear Landweber iteration, iteratively regularization Gauss-Newton method, regularization Levenberg-Newton method, regularization Levenberg-Marquardt method, Newton-CG method. Numerical examples for using these methods are given. Total least squares is one of the basic methods in the solution of atmospheric inverse problems. In Chapter 8 a review of truncated and regularizid total least squares methods for solving linear ill-posed problems is given. The authors extend the regularized total least squares method to nonlinear ill-posed problems. In Chapter 9 two direct regularization methods are discussed: Backus-Gilbert method and maximum entropy regularization. The Appendixes A--J are devoted to the additional discussion of some details of regularization methods, given in the book. Each theoretical statement given in the book is accompanied by many neat examples. The rich bibliography covers all basic directions in atmospheric inverse problems.