Asymptotics of Robin eigenvalues on sharp infinite cones (Q6062680)

Summary: Let \(\omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) be a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary. For \(\varepsilon >0\) and \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), consider the infinite cone \[ \Omega_{\varepsilon}:=\{(x_1, x')\in (0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^n \colon x'\in\varepsilon x_1 \omega\} \subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1} \] and the operator \(Q_{\varepsilon}^{\alpha}\) acting as the Laplacian \(u\mapsto -\Delta u\) on \(\Omega_{\varepsilon}\) with the Robin boundary condition \(\partial_{\nu} u=\alpha u\) at \(\partial\Omega_{\varepsilon}\), where \(\partial_{\nu}\) is the outward normal derivative and \(\alpha >0\). We look at the dependence of the eigenvalues of \(Q_{\varepsilon}^{\alpha}\) on the parameter \(\varepsilon\): this problem was previously addressed for \(n=1\) only (in that case, the only admissible \(\omega\) are finite intervals). In the present work, we consider arbitrary dimensions \(n\geq 2\) and arbitrarily shaped ``cross-sections'' \( \omega\) and look at the spectral asymptotics as \(\varepsilon\) becomes small, i.e., as the cone becomes ``sharp'' and collapses to a half-line. It turns out that the main term of the asymptotics of individual eigenvalues is determined by the single geometric quantity \[ N_{\omega} :=\frac{\operatorname{Vol}_{n-1} \partial\omega}{\operatorname{Vol}_n \omega}. \] More precisely, for any fixed \(j\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\alpha >0\), the \(j\)-th eigenvalue \(E_j (Q^{\alpha}_{\varepsilon})\) of \(Q^{\alpha}_{\varepsilon}\) exists for all sufficiently small \(\varepsilon >0\) and satisfies \[ E_j (Q^{\alpha}_{\varepsilon})=-\frac{N_{\omega}^2 \alpha^2}{(2j+n-2)^2 \varepsilon^2} +O\Bigl(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\Bigr) \quad \text{ as } \varepsilon\to 0^+. \] The paper also covers some aspects of Sobolev spaces on infinite cones, which can be of independent interest.