On various characteristics affecting the local convergence rate of biorthogonal series related to ordinary differential operators (Q606521)

The author considers an arbitrary operator \(L\) generated by the differential operator \[ lu:=u''+p_1(x)u'+q_1(x)u, \] where \(x\in G=(0,1)\), on the class of functions absolutely continuous on \(\overline G=[0,1]\) together with their first derivatives, complex-valued functions \(p_1(x)\in L^s(G)\), for some \(s\geq 1\), and \(q_1(x)\in L^1(G)\). The root functions (eigenfunctions and associated functions) of the operator \(L\) are understood in the generalized sense of Il'in. Three constructive Il'in conditions are assumed. This approach makes it possible not to specify particular boundary conditions for the operators but to consider very different types of boundary conditions (including two-point local and nonlocal conditions, multipoint conditions, integral conditions, and conditions containing the spectral parameter). Take now any system \(\{\lambda_k^2\}_{k=1}^{\infty}\) of eigenvalues and any system of \(\{u_k(x)\}\) of the root functions of the operator \(L\) corresponding to these eigenvalues. Let \(\{v_k(x)\}\) be a function system biorthogonally conjugate to \(\{u_k(x)\}\). For any function \(f(x)\in L^r(G)\), where \(r\geq 1\), compose the partial sums of the biorthogonal expansion: \[ \sigma_{\lambda}(x,f)=\sum_{|\lambda_k|<\lambda}(f,v_k)u_k(x),\qquad \lambda>0, \] where \(v_k\in L^{r'}(G)\), \(r'=\frac r{r-1}\). Further, by \(S_{\lambda}(x,f)\) the partial sum of the Fourier trigonometric expansion of the function \(f(x)\) is denoted, which can be treated as the orthogonal expansion of \(f(x)\) for the operator \(L_0u:=u''\) with periodicity conditions at \(0\) and \(1\). Then, the main problem of the paper is to estimate the order of smallness of the quantity \(\|\sigma_{\lambda}(x,f)-S_{\lambda}(x,f)\|_{p,K}\), as \(\lambda\to\infty\), for any \(p\geq 1\) and any closed interval \(K\subset G\), where \(\|\cdot\|_{p,K}\) denotes the norm in \(L^p(K)\). Three situations are considered. The best estimates for the rate of equiconvergence are given with respect to \(\lambda\) and with respect to \(\eta\) -- the distance between \(K\) and the boundary of \(G\).