Descent cohomology and factorizations of groups (Q6070272)

It is well known that, for a group \(X\)\ and an \(X\)-module \(B\), there is a bijection between the first cohomology group \(\boldsymbol{H}^{1}\left( X,B\right) \)\ and the set of \(A\)-conjugacy classes of complements to \(B\)\ in \(A\), where \(A\)\ is the semidirect product \(B\rtimes X\)\ and \(B\)\ is identified with the subgroup \(\left\{ \left( b,1_{X}\right) \mid b\in B\right\} \)\ of \(B\rtimes X\). This paper aims to generalize this result, particularly investigating what happens if \(B\)\ is no longer abelian, where the semidirect prodcut still makes sense and it is still possible to define a pointed set \(\mathcal{H}^{1}\left( X,B\right) \)\ naturally generalizing the group \(\boldsymbol{H}^{1}\left( X,B\right) \), which theory was developed by \textit{J.-P. Serre} [Galois cohomology. Transl. from the French by Patrick Ion. Berlin: Springer (1997; Zbl 0902.12004)] as the non-abelian cohomology theory of groups. This gives a full classification of factorizations of groups in terms of descent cohomology (pointed) sets introduced in [\textit{B. Mesablishvili}, Trans. A. Razmadze Math. Inst. 173, No. 2, 137--155 (2019; Zbl 1453.16035)]. The synopsis of the paper goes as follows. \begin{itemize} \item[\S 2] recalls those notions and aspects of the category of monoid actions and of descent cohomology theory of monads. \item[\S 3] develops descent cohomology theory of monoids. \item[\S 4] presents the main result (Theorem 4.7) claiming that, for a group \(A\)\ and a (not necessarily normal) subgroup \(B\)\ of \(A\)\ together with the canonical inclusion \(\iota_{B}:B\rightarrow A\), \(A\)-conjugacy classes of complements to \(B\)\ in \(A\) are in bijective correspondence with the set \(\mathsf{Desc}^{1}\left( \mathsf{T}_{\iota_{B}}^{l},B\right) \), where \(\mathsf{Desc}^{1}\left( \mathsf{T}_{\iota_{B}}^{l},B\right) \)\ is the set of isomorphism classes of \(1\)-dimensional descent cocycles of a suitably defined monad \(\mathsf{T}_{\iota_{B}}^{l}\)\ on the category of left \(B\)-sets with coefficients in the left \(B\)-set \(B\), being called the \(1\)\textit{-descent cohomology (pointed) set of }\(T_{\iota_{B}}^{l}\)\textit{\ with coefficients in }\(B\). It is illustrated how to apply the results of the previous section to obtain a full classification of factorizations of groups in terms of descent cohomology of (pointed) sets. \item[\S 5] shows that the new notion of desecent cohomology of (pointed) sets includes Serre's non-abelian group cohomology as a special case. The authors give three examples of calculating of \(1\)-descent cohomology sets. \end{itemize}