General bilinear forms in the Jacobi symbol over hyperbolic regions (Q6072930)

Heath-Brown's large sieve with real characters [\textit{D. R. Heath-Brown}, Acta Arith. 72, No. 3, 235--275 (1995; Zbl 0828.11040)] has turned out extremely useful in many applications. A particular consequence is the inequality \[ \sum\limits_{\substack{M<m\le 2M\\ 2\nmid m}}\sum\limits_{N<n\le 2N} a_mb_n\left(\frac{n}{m}\right) \ll (MN^{1/2}+NM^{1/2})(MN)^{\varepsilon} \] if the coefficients in the bilinear sum on the left-hand side satisfy \(|a_m|,|b_n|\le 1\). For applications in arithmetic geometry, it is often required to restrict \((m,n)\) to more complicated regions than a rectangle \((M,2M]\times (N,2N]\) such as regions included by hyperbolas. The paper under review considers sums of the form \[ S(z,T):=\sum\limits_{\substack{(m,n)\in \mathbb{Z}^2\\ z<mn\le T\\ 2\nmid mn\\ \mu(m)^2=1=\mu(n)^2}} a_mb_n\left(\frac{n}{m}\right). \] It is essential to include a lower bound \(z<mn\) and assume squarefreeness of \(m\) and \(n\) because otherwise there may be main term contributions and one does not obtain the desired cancellations. The author proves that \[ S(z,T)\ll \begin{cases} T^{1+\varepsilon}z^{-1/2} & \mbox{ if } z> T^{1/3-\varepsilon}\\ T(\log T)^3z^{-1/2} & \mbox{ if } z\le T^{1/3-\varepsilon} \\ T(\log T)z^{-1/4} & \mbox{ for all } z\ge 2. \end{cases} \] The last bound for \(S(z,T)\) above is non-trivial whenever \(z\rightarrow \infty\) as \(T\rightarrow \infty\). The main idea of the author's proof is to apply Perron's formula after a dyadic subdivision of the \(m\)- or \(n\)-summation to remove the hyperbola condition. This reduces the problem to rectangular regions which can be handled by different bounds depending on the shapes of these rectangles. In addition, the author proves the beautiful asymptotic estimate \[ \sum\limits_{\substack{(m,n)\in \mathbb{Z}^2\\ 1\le mn\le T\\ 2\nmid mn}} \left(\frac{n}{m}\right)=\left(\frac{6\zeta(2)}{7\zeta(3)}\right)T+O\left(T^{3/4}\log T\right). \]