Towards a classification of charge-3 monopoles with symmetry (Q6072941)

The aim of this paper is to classify and construct new charge-\(3\) \(SU(2)\) monopoles. The authors have begun systematising the classification of charge-\(3\) monopole spectral curves with automorphisms, providing an exhaustive list of candidate curves. They have also identified how one may use group theory to identify the subset of these candidates that quotient to an elliptic curve. Motivated by all cases known the use of symmetry to simplify some conditions, the first result obtained here is to classify all possible charge-\(3\) monopole spectral curves by non-trivial automorphism groups and within these identify those with elliptic quotients. From these the authors construct new monopole spectral curves with \(D_6\) and \(V_4\) symmetry. More precisely, by focussing on elliptic quotients the transcendental constraints for a monopole spectral curve become ones regarding periods of elliptic functions. They construct the Nahm data and new monopole spectral curves with \(D_6\) and \(V_4\) symmetry, the latter based on an integrable complexification of Euler's equations, and for which energy density isosurfaces are plotted. Extensions of their approach to higher charge and hyperbolic monopoles are discussed. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. Section 2 is devoted to classifying curves by automorphism group. In this section, the authors determine the charge-\(3\) monopole spectral curves beginning with minimal restrictions and gradually imposing these. They take the procedure introduced in [\textit{N. J. Hitchin} et al., Nonlinearity 8, No. 5, 662--692 (1995; Zbl 0846.53016)] and developed in [\textit{C. J. Houghton} and \textit{P. M. Sutcliffe}, Commun. Math. Phys. 180, No. 2, 343--361 (1996; Zbl 0879.58084); Nonlinearity 9, No. 6, 1609--1622 (1996; Zbl 0906.53020); Nucl. Phys., B 464, No. 1--2, 59--84 (1996; Zbl 0996.58501)] and apply this to the relevant symmetry. This procedure is recalled in Appendix B where Nahm's equations for case 4 are reduced to the Toda equations before further reduction is described in the text. Similarly in Appendix C Nahm's equations for the \(V_4\) symmetric case are determined. This yields a complex extension of the Euler equations. Section 3 deals with \(D_6\) monopoles and Section 4 with \(V_4\) monopoles. More precisely, the authors show how these equations are solved in terms of elliptic functions on the quotient elliptic curve, first in Section 3 for the \(D_6\)-symmetric monopole and in Section 4 for the \(V_4\)-symmetric monopole. Here the rationale for focussing on elliptic quotients is most evident: the transcendental constraints implicit in the well-known works of Hitchin and Ercolani-Sinha become ones regarding periods of elliptic functions. The authors relegate to Appendix A a number of properties of elliptic and related functions used in the text and proofs of some statements requiring these. They not deal with the remaining \(C_2\)-symmetric case here discussing this in Section 5 which is a conclusion.