Derivative complex, BGG correspondence, and numerical inequalities for compact Kähler manifolds (Q607718)

Let \(X\) be a \(d\)-dimensional compact Kähler manifold with canonical bundle \(\omega_X\) and assume that \(b_1(X)>0\). Consider the cohomology modules \(P_X=\bigoplus_{i=0}^d H^i(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)\) and \(Q_X=\bigoplus_{i=0}^d H^i(X,\omega_X)\), viewed as graded modules over the exterior algebra \(E=\bigwedge^*H^1(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)\) via the cup product. The authors follow the idea of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand (BGG) correspondence between regularity properties of graded modules over exterior algebras and exactness properties of linear complexes of modules over symmetric algebras to study the structure of the canonical module \(Q_X\). They use the notion of \(m\)-regularity which is analogous to Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for graded modules over a polynomial ring. For \(P_X\) and \(Q_X\), the BGG corresponence is realized by complexes which are defined as follows. Let \({\mathbf P}\) denote the projective space of one-dimensional subspaces of \(H^1(X,{\mathcal {O}}_X)\). The cup product with \(0\not=v\in H^1(X,{\mathcal {O}}_X)\) leads to a complex \({ \underline{\mathbf L}}_X\) of vector bundles on \({\mathbf P}\): \[ 0\rightarrow {\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}(-d)\otimes H^0(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow{\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}(-d+1)\otimes H^1(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow\dots \] \[ \rightarrow{\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}(-1)\otimes H^{d-1}(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow{\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}\otimes H^d(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow 0. \] Let \(S=\)Sym\((H^1(X,{\mathcal O}_X)^\vee)\) denote the symmetric algebra on the vector space \(H^1(X,{\mathcal O}_X)^\vee\). The global sections in \(\underline{\mathbf L}_X\) define a linear complex \({\mathbf L}_X\) of graded \(S\)-modules, \[ 0\rightarrow S\otimes_\mathbb C H^0(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow S\otimes_\mathbb C H^1(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\rightarrow\dots \] \[ \rightarrow S\otimes_\mathbb C H^d(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)\rightarrow 0, \] which reflects the regularity properties of \(Q_X\) in the sense of the BGG correspondence. Let alb\(_X\) be the Albanese map of \(X\) and \(k:=\dim X - \dim\) alb\(_X(X)\). The main technical result of the paper (Theorem A) shows that the exactness properties of \({\underline{\mathbf L}}_X\) and \({\mathbf L}_X\) are determined by the fiber-dimension of the Albanese map: Both complexes are exact in the first \(d-k\) terms from the left, but \({\mathbf L}_X\) has non-trivial homology at the next term to the right. If \(X\) allows no irregular fibration, i.e., no holomorphic map \(X\rightarrow Y\) onto a normal variety \(Y\) with connected positive-dimensional fibers and \(\dim Y=\dim\) alb\(_{\hat Y}(\hat Y)\) for a smooth model \(\hat Y\) of \(Y\), then the cokernel \({\mathcal F}\) of the map \({\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}(-1)\otimes H^{d-1}(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)\rightarrow{\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf P}\otimes H^d(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)\) is a vector bundle on \({\mathbf P}\) with rk\(({\mathcal F})=\chi(\omega_X)\), and \({\underline{\mathbf L}}_X\) is a resolution of \({\mathcal F}\). Based on results of \textit{D. Eisenbud, G. Fløystad} and \textit{F.-O. Schreyer} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 355, No.~11, 4397--4426 (2003; Zbl 1063.14021)] the authors deduce from Theorem A that the fiber-dimension of alb\(_X\) is completely determined by the algebraic structure of \(Q_X\) in the way that the \(E\)-module \(Q_X\) is \(k\)-regular but not \((k-1)\) regular. In particular, \(k=0\) if and only if \(Q_X\) is generated by elements of degree \(0\) and has a linear free resolution (Theorem B). Another direction of applications of Theorem A leads to inequalities for numerical invariants, in particular for the Hodge numbers of \(X\), mainly when \(X\) admits no irregular fibrations. Several examples are discussed and the applications are related to former results of several authors, among them \textit{F. Catanese} [Invent. Math. 104, No.~2, 263--289; Appendix 289 (1991; Zbl 0743.32025)], \textit{A. Causin} and \textit{G. P. Pirola} [Manuscr. Math. 121, No.~2, 157--168 (2006; Zbl 1107.32006)], and \textit{G. Pareschi} and \textit{M. Popa} [Duke Math. J. 150, No.~2, 269--285 (2009; Zbl 1206.14067)]. Finally, the authors give a description of the geometrical meaning of \({\mathcal F}\) in terms of paracanonical divisors.