On the behavior of the first eigenvalue of the \(p\)-Laplacian with Robin boundary conditions as \(p\) goes to 1 (Q6077521)

In this paper, the authors study the \(\Gamma\)-limit, as \(p \rightarrow 1\), of the functional \[ J_p(u)=\frac{\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^p+\beta \int_{\partial \Omega}|u|^p}{\int_{\Omega}|u|^p}, \] where \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded open set in \(\mathbb{R}^N, p>1\) and \(\beta\) is a real number. Among the results, for \(\beta>-1\), they derive an isoperimetric inequality for \[ \Lambda(\Omega, \beta)=\inf _{u \in \operatorname{BV}(\Omega), u \neq 0} \frac{|D u|(\Omega)+\min (\beta, 1) \int_{\partial \Omega}|u|}{\int_{\Omega}|u|} \] which is the limit as \(p \rightarrow 1^{+}\)of \(\lambda(\Omega, p, \beta)=\min _{u \in W^{1, p}(\Omega)} J_p(u)\). The authors show that among all bounded and smooth open sets with given volume, the ball maximizes \(\Lambda(\Omega, \beta)\) when \(\beta \in(-1,0)\) and minimizes \(\Lambda(\Omega, \beta)\) when \(\beta \in[0, \infty)\)