Bergman projection and BMO in hyperbolic metric: improvement of classical result (Q6080325)

Let \(\mathbb{D}\) denote the open unit disk in the complex plane, and let \(A^2_\alpha\), \(-1<\alpha<\infty\), denote the standard Bergman space consisting of all analytic functions \(f\) in the unit disk for which the integral \[ \int_\mathbb{D} |f(z)|^2(1-|z|^2)^\alpha dA(z) \] is finite; here \(dA(z)=\pi^{-1}dxdy\) denotes the normalized area measure in the plane. The norm of a function \(f\in A^2_\alpha\) is defined by \[ \Vert f\Vert ^2=(\alpha+1)\int_\mathbb{D} |f(z)|^2(1-|z|^2)^\alpha dA(z). \] A \textit{weight} \(w\) is a positive integrable function on the unit disk. The weight \(w\) is said to be radial if \(w(z)=w(|z|)\). The weighted Bergman space \(A^2_w\) consists of analytic functions \(f\) in the unit disk equipped with the norm \[ \Vert f\Vert ^2=\int_\mathbb{D} |f(z)|^2 w(z)dA(z). \] The authors start by recalling the well-known fact that the Bergman projection \(P_\alpha\) from \(L^\infty(\mathbb{D})\) onto the Bloch space \(\mathcal{B}\) defined by \[ P_\alpha (f)(z)=\frac{\alpha+1}{\pi}\int_\mathbb{D} f(w)\overline{K_z(w)}(1-|w|^2)^\alpha dA(w) \] is bounded (see [\textit{K. Zhu}, Operator theory in function spaces. Providence, RI: AMS (2007; Zbl 1123.47001)]); here \[ K_z(w)=\frac{1}{(1-\overline{z}w)^{\alpha+2}} \] represents the reproducing kernel function of the Hilbert space \(A^2_\alpha\). As the authors point out, this is not a true projection, because \(H^\infty(\mathbb{D})\) is a proper subspace of the Bloch space \(\mathcal{B}\). This negative issue of course does not affect the many applications of the boundedness of \(P_\alpha\) in the theory of spaces of holomorphic functions. However, to overcome this difficulty, the authors replace the space of bounded analytic functions by the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation in the Bergman metric \(\mathrm{BMO}_2(\Delta)\). More precisely, they prove that \[ P_\alpha:\mathrm{BMO}_2(\Delta)\to \mathcal{B} \] is bounded (the authors point out that the proof of this statement was offered to them by Kehe Zhu). The next, and the main, objective of the authors is to describe those radial weight functions \(w\) for which \[ P_w :X\to \mathcal{B} \] is bounded; here \(X\) is a space of analytic functions on the unit disk containing the Bloch space \(\mathcal{B}\). We should recall that \(P_w\) is defined by \[ P_w(f)(z)=\int_\mathbb{D} f(\zeta)\overline{K^w_z(\zeta)}w(\zeta) dA(\zeta), \] where \(K^w_z(\zeta)\) is the reproducing kernel corresponding to the weighted Bergman space \(A^2_w\). The rest of the paper is devoted to impose some restrictions on the radial weight \(w\), like the weight satisfies \[ \hat{w}(z)=\int_{|z|}^1w(s)ds>0,\quad z\in\mathbb{D}, \] and the following assumption that \(\hat{w}\) is doubling in the sense that there exists \(C\ge 1\) such that \[ \hat{w}(r)\le C \hat{w}\left(\frac{1+r}{2}\right),\quad 0\le r<1. \] To define the function space in question, let \(\Delta(z,r)\) denote the hyperbolic disk with center \(z\) and radius \(r\). Moreover assume that the weight \(w\) satisfies \(w(\Delta(z,r))>0\) for all \(z\in\mathbb{D}\). For \(1\le p<\infty\) and \(f\) in the weighted space \(L^p_w\), let \[ \mathrm{MO}_{w,p,r}(f)(z)=\left(\frac{1}{w(\Delta(z,r))}\int_{\Delta(z,r)}|f(\zeta)-\hat{f}_{r,w}(z)|^pw(\zeta)dA(\zeta)\right)^{1/p}, \] where \[ \hat{f}_{r,w}(z)=\frac{\int_{\Delta(z,r)}f(\zeta)w(\zeta)dA(\zeta}{w(\Delta(z,r))},\quad z\in\mathbb{D}. \] Finally, the authors define \(\mathrm{BMO}(\Delta)_{w,p,r}\) as the space of functions \(f\in L^p_w\) for which \[ \Vert f\Vert_{\mathrm{BMO}(Delta)_{w,p,r}}=\sup_{z\in \mathbb{D}}\mathrm{MO}_{w,p,r}(f)(z)<\infty. \] The main result of the paper under review states that for certain weight functions \(w\), the following statements are equivalent: \(\bullet\) There exists a positive number \(r_0=r_0(w)\) such that \(\mathrm{BMO}(\Delta)_{w,p,r}\) does not depend on \(r\) (provided that \(r\ge r_0\), so that the subscript \(r\) will be dropped). Moreover, the operator \(P_w:\mathrm{BMO}(\Delta)_{w,p}\to \mathcal{B}\) is bounded. \(\bullet\) The operator \(P_w:L^\infty \to \mathcal{B}\) is bounded.