On almost p-standard system of parameters of idealization and applications (Q6081713)

Let \((R,\mathfrak{m})\) be a Noetherian local ring and \(M\) a finitely generated \(R\)-module with \(\dim_R M = d\). The notion of almost \(p\)-standard system of parameters extends the notion of \(p\)-standard s.o.p developed by [\textit{N. Tu Cuong}, Acta Math. Vietnam. 20, No. 1, 145--161 (1995; Zbl 0987.13014)]. These concepts are useful to study generalized Cohen-Macaulay modules and their Hilbert functions. A s.o.p \(x_1,\ldots,x_d\) of \(M\) is called almost \(p\)-standard if there are integers \(\lambda_0,\ldots,\lambda_d\) such that \[\ell(M/(x_1^{n_1},\ldots,x_d^{n_d}) M) = \sum_{i=0}^d \lambda_i n_1 \cdots n_i\] for all \(n_1, \ldots, n_d \ge 1\). By [\textit{N. Tu Cuong} and \textit{D. Trung Cuong}, Acta Math. Vietnam. 42, No. 1, 37--60 (2017; Zbl 1365.13038)], \(R\) admits an almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p if and only if \(R\) is a quotient of a Cohen-Macaulay local ring. When \(x_1, \ldots,x_d\) is an almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p then \(M\) is generalized Cohen-Macaulay if and only if \(\lambda_1 = \cdots = \lambda_{d-1} = 0\). An almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p is always a strong \(d\)-sequence; hence, its existence is useful to study homological invariants of \(M\). In the paper under review, the authors study almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p for idealization of \(M\) over \(R\). A main theorem of the paper says that \(R\) admits an almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p if and only if one of its idealization admits an almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p. In this case, they also derived formula for the Hilbert coefficients of the idealization of \(M\) in terms of the Hilbert coefficients of \(R\), \(M\) and almost \(p\)-standard s.o.p. As another application, they give a construction of the Macaulayfication of idealizations.