BCOV cusp forms of lattice polarized K3 surfaces (Q6087077)

The main objective of this work is to introduce and study a BCOV formula (named after Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri and Vafa [\textit{M. Bershadsky} et al., Nucl. Phys., B 405, No. 2--3, 279--304 (1993; Zbl 0908.58074)] for the lattice polarized \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces. Let \(L=U^{\oplus 3}\oplus E_8(-1)^{\oplus 2}\) be the \(\mathrm{K}3\) lattice, where \(U\) is the hyperbolic lattice of rank \(2\) and \(E_8(-1)\) is the \(E_8\) root lattice with its bilinear form being multiplied by \(-1\). Let \(M\) be a primitive sublattice of \(L\) of signature \((1,r-1)\). The orthogonal lattice \(M^\perp\) is assumed to split the hyperbolic lattice: there exists a sublattice \(\check{M}\) of signature \((1,19-r)\) such that \(M^\perp=U\oplus\check{M}\). It follows from this assumption that families of \(\check{M}\)-polarized \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces are mirror symmetric to families of \(M\)-polarized \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces. The authors define the BCOV formula for the set of \(\check{M}\)-polarizable \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces (meaning that there exists \(\phi\colon H^2(X,\mathbb{Z})\to L\) such that \((X,\phi)\) is a \(\check{M}\)-polarized \(\mathrm{K}3\) surface) whose isomorphism classes are parametrized by the quotient of the period domain of \(\check{M}^\perp\) by the subgroup of the orthogonal group of \(\check{M}^\perp\) which fixes the period domain of \(\check{M}^\perp\). The authors study more deeply the case of families of \(\check{M}_{2n}\)-polarizable \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces over \(\mathbb{P}_1\) if \(M_{2n}\) is \(\langle 2n\rangle\). In this case, the inverse a the BCOV formula is given by a cusp form explicitly described as a product of \(\eta\) functions and they conjecture that their result can be extended to general families of \(\check{M}_{2n}\)-polarizable \(\mathrm{K}3\) surfaces. They also consider the case where \(\check{M}\) is \(U\oplus E_8(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\) and prove that the inverse of the BCOV formula is described by the (genus \(2\)) Igusa cuspforms of weight \(10\) and \(12\) and the genus two Eisenstein series of weight \(4\). Finally, they give the \(\mathrm{K}3\) differential operators for the \(65\) genus \(0\) groups obtained by adjoining to \(\Gamma_0(n)\) the Atkin-Lehner involutions \(W_e\) for all divisors \(e\) of \(n\) such that \(n/e\) is coprime with \(e\).