First eigenvalue of the Laplacian on compact surfaces for large genera (Q6090623)

Given a compact Riemannian surface \(\Sigma\) of genus \(g\), the author considers the supremum of the first normalized eigenvalue of the Laplacian among all metrics on \(\Sigma\), namely \[ \Lambda_1(g)=\sup\{\lambda_1(ds^2)\mathrm{Area}(ds^2): ds^2 \text{ is a Riemannian metric on }\Sigma\}. \] He proves an upper bound for \(\Lambda_1(g)\) valid for any \(g\) which improves previously known bounds by \textit{P. C. Yang} and \textit{S.-T. Yau} [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 7, 55--61 (1980; Zbl 0446.58017)] and \textit{M. Karpukhin} and \textit{D. Vinokurov} [Math. Z. 301, No. 3, 2733--2746 (2022; Zbl 1491.58012)]: given integer numbers \(g\geq 3\), \(n\geq 2\) and a real number \(0\leq a\leq 1/2\), he shows that \[ \Lambda_1(g)\leq 8\pi d\left(1+\frac{2a^2(1+\frac{g-1}{d})-\frac{n-1}{n+1}}{(2a-1)^2+\frac{n-1}{n+1}}\right) \] for any integer \(d\) satisfying \[ d\geq\left[\frac{(g+1)n}{n+1}\right]+n. \] As a consequence, he obtains the following asymptotic bound: \[ \lim\sup_{g\to\infty}\frac{\Lambda_1(g)}{g}\leq 4(3-\sqrt{5})\pi. \]