Cartier smoothness in prismatic cohomology (Q6091803)

Cartier smooth \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras were introduced by \textit{S. Kelly} and \textit{M. Morrow} [Compos. Math. 157, No. 6, 1121--1142 (2021; Zbl 1467.19003)] as a generalisation of smooth \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras, that contain all characteristic \(p\) valuation rings by results of Gabber and Gabber-Ramero. The class of Cartier smooth \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras axiomatizes, most notably via the Cartier isomorphism, which \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras behave like smooth \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras with respect to \(p\)-adic (co)homology theories. The main purpose of the article under review is to introduce a generalisation in mixed-characteristic \((0,p)\) of Cartier smooth \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-algebras, called \(p\)-Cartier smooth algebras, and to study their cohomological properties. More precisely, the notion of a \(p\)-Cartier smooth algebra is formulated in terms of the Cartier isomorphism of the reduction modulo \(p\) of the morphism, and generalises the notion of a smooth algebra. The author proves that a valuation ring extension with the source perfectoid is \(p\)-Cartier smooth, generalising (and reducing to) the results of Gabber and Gabber-Ramero. The author also proves that \(p\)-Cartier smoothness is equivalent to certain properties of the associated prismatic cohomology, as introduced by \textit{B. Bhatt} and \textit{P. Scholze} [Ann. Math. (2) 196, No. 3, 1135--1275 (2022; Zbl 07611906)], thus generalising some known properties of prismatic cohomology in the smooth case. The notion of \(p\)-Cartier smoothness is a relative variant of \(F\)-smoothness, as introduced by \textit{B. Bhatt} and \textit{A. Mathew} [Forum Math. Pi 11, Paper No. e1, 26 p. (2023; Zbl 1518.14032)], and the two notions agree over a perfectoid base. The study of prismatic cohomology of \(p\)-Cartier smooth algebras is then applied to prove a comparison between their syntomic complexes, as introduced by \textit{B. Bhatt} and \textit{J. Lurie} [``Absolute prismatic cohomology'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2201.06120}], and \(p\)-adic vanishing cycles for \(p\)-Cartier smooth algebras over a perfectoid ring. The result is new in the case of valuation ring extensions over a perfectoid valuation ring, and recovers (over a perfectoid base) a similar comparison proved by \textit{B. Bhatt} and \textit{A. Mathew} [Forum Math. Pi 11, Paper No. e1, 26 p. (2023; Zbl 1518.14032)] for \(p\)-torsionfree \(F\)-smooth rings.