Whether chaos can be achieved in piecewise linear boundary value problems (Q609428)

In this paper, the application of Dynamical Systems Theory in research into BVPs for Partial Differential Equations (PDE), which is based on the reduction of BVPs to continuous argument difference equations is explored. It is shown that chaos in piecewise linear PDEs with linear boundary conditions is realizable. The simplest BVPs of this kind can possess chaotic solutions in an open region of the parameter space. The basic results of the paper presented in the theorem: In the parameter region \(G\), each solution \(w_\phi(x,t)\) of the BVP \[ w_t=w_x+\begin{cases} a_1w+b_1,&w\geq0,\\ a_2w+b_2,&w<0,\end{cases}\tag{1} \] \((a_1,b_1)\neq(a_2,b_2)\), \(a_1,a_2,b_1\neq0\); \[ w|_{x=1}=Aw|_{x=0},\quad A>0.\tag{2} \] The general solution of (1) \[ w(x,t)=\begin{cases} e^{-a_1x}u(x+t)-d_1,&w(x,t)\geq0,\\ e^{-a_2x}u(x+t)-d_2,&w(x,t)<0, \end{cases} \] whose initial function \(\phi\) satisfies \[ 0\leq\phi(x)=w(x,0)<(e^{a_1(1-\tau)}\frac{A-1}{ae^{a_1}-1}-1)\frac{b_1}{a_1},\quad x\in[0,1); \] \(e^{a_1\tau}(\phi(x)+\frac{b_1}{a_1})\) is different from a constant, is chaotic, namely, \(w_\phi(x,t)\) approaches to the upper semi continuous function \[ P_\phi(x,t)=\begin{cases} [U_1(x),U_2(x)],&\text{if }(x,t)\in\mathcal T_1(\phi),\\ [V_1(x),V_2(x)],&\text{if }(x,t)\in\mathcal T_1(\phi), \end{cases} \] where \(U_k(x)=e^{-a_1x}D_k-d_1\), \(V_k(x)=e^{-a_2x}D_k-d_2\), \(k=1,2\) in the sense that \[ \Delta[\text{gr} w_\phi(x,t),\text{gr} P_\phi(x,t)]\to0\quad\text{as }\;t\to\infty. \]