Some new characterizations of real hypersurfaces with isometric Reeb flow in complex two-plane Grassmannians (Q6094653)

A classical research topic in differential geometry is classifying hypersurfaces on a given Riemannian manifold. A variant of such a problem that imposes different background techniques for the analysis is classifying real hypersurfaces on complex manifolds. It is in this scenario that the present paper gives a contribution. Let \(\mathrm{Gr_2}(\mathbb{C}^{m+2})\) be the complex two-plane Grassmanian, which collects all two-dimensional linear subspaces of \(\mathbb{C}^{m+2}\). It carries the structure of a Hermitian symmetric space, which is compact, irreducible, and of rank two. It also carries a Kähler structure \(J\) and a quaternionic Kähler structure compatible with the symmetric space structure. The paper assumes \(m\geq 3\). The main result provides an integral inequality for compact and orientable real hypersurfaces of \(\mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^{m+2})\). The Reeb vector field associated with a hypersurface on a complex manifold is the vector field \(\xi\) characterized by satisfying \(JN=-\xi\) where \(N\) is the unit normal vector field along the hypersurface, and \(J\) is the complex structure on the ambient manifold. Let \(A\) stand for the shape operator of the immersion of \(M\) in the ambient \(\mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^{m+2})\). We say that \(M\) is Hopf if \(A\xi=\alpha \xi\) for \(\alpha=g(A\xi,\xi)\). The paper considers the quaternionic Kähler structure described by three endomorphisms \(\{J_a\}_{a=1,2,3}\) satisfying \(JJ_a=J_aJ\) for the Kähler structure \(J\). Let \(\xi_a:=J_a(-N)\),~ \([\xi]=\mathrm{span}_{\mathbb R}\{\xi_a\}\) and \(\mathcal{D}^{\perp}:=\{\xi_a\}_{a=1,2,3}\). Theorem 3 in the present paper ensures that \[ \int_M[4m+Hg(A\xi,\xi)-\|A\|^2]\mathrm{dV_N}\leq 0, \] where \(H=\mathrm{tr}~A\) and the norm is the corresponding tensorial normal concerning the isometrically induced metric \(g\). An inequality is obtained assuming that \(M\) is a real compact orientable hypersurface: \[ \|A\|^2-Hg(A\xi,\xi)\leq 4m. \] If equality holds then \(M\) is a tube around totally geodesic \(\mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^{m+1})\subset \mathrm{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^{m+2})\). To prove the integral inequality, the authors rely on an application of the classical Yano's formula, see, e.g., [\textit{J. Christianidis} (ed.), Classics in the history of Greek mathematics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 154 (2004; Zbl 1065.01004)]. Other results in the same fashion are obtained by providing constraints to \(\mathcal{D}^{\perp}\), for instance, in Theorems 1 and 2, which are used to imply the corollary of Theorem 3 mentioned above.