Hardy-Littlewood-Riesz type equivalent criteria for the generalized Riemann hypothesis (Q6097050)

In the previous paper [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 150, No. 12, 5151--5163 (2022; Zbl 1507.11075)] \textit{A. Agarwal} et al. proved that for any real number \(k\ge1\) it holds that \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\mu(n)}{n^k}\exp\left(-\frac x{n^2}\right) =\frac{\Gamma(\frac k2)}{x^{\frac k2}} \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\mu(n)}{n}\ _1F_1\left(\frac k2;\frac12;-\frac{\pi^2}{n^2x}\right) +\frac12\sum_\rho\frac{\Gamma(\frac{k-\rho}2)}{\zeta'(\rho)}x^{-\frac{k-\rho}2} \] under the assumption of the simplicity hypothesis of the nontrivial zeros of \(\zeta(s)\), where \(\rho\) runs though the nontrivial zeros of \(\zeta(s)\) with \(\mu\) the Mobius function. The article under review generalizes this formula to Dirichlet \(L\)-functions. Let \(\chi\) be a primitive character modulo \(q\) with \(G(\chi)\) the Gauss sum. Put \[ a=\begin{cases}0&(\chi\text{ is even)}\\ 1&(\chi\text{ is odd}).\end{cases} \] The first main theorem asserts that for any real number \(k\ge1\) \begin{multline*} \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\chi(n)\mu(n)}{n^k}\exp\left(-\frac {\pi x^2}{qn^2}\right) =\frac{i^a \sqrt q}{G(\chi)}\left(\frac q{\pi x^2}\right)^{\frac{k+a}2}\left(\frac\pi q\right)^{a+\frac12} \frac{\Gamma(\frac{k+a}2)}{\Gamma(a+\frac12)}\\ \times \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\overline{\chi(n)}\mu(n)}{n^{1+a}} \ _1F_1\left(\frac {k+a}2;a+\frac12;-\frac{\pi}{qn^2x^2}\right) +\frac12\sum_\rho\frac{\Gamma(\frac{k-\rho}2)}{L'(\rho,\chi)}\left(\frac q{\pi x^2}\right)^{\frac{k-\rho}2} \end{multline*} under the assumption of the simplicity hypothesis of \(L(s,\chi)\), where \(\rho\) runs through the nontrivial zeros of \(L(s,\chi)\), which satisfy the bracketing conditions, that is, the terms corresponding to the nontrivial zeros \(\rho_1\) and \(\rho_2\) will be inside the same bracket if \[ |\Im(\rho_1)-\Im(\rho_2)| <\exp\left(-\frac{C\Im(\rho_1)}{\log(\Im(\rho_1))}\right) +\exp\left(-\frac{C\Im(\rho_2)}{\log(\Im(\rho_2))}\right) \] for some \(C>0\). Consequently, the authors prove that the generalized Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the bound \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{\chi(n)\mu(n)}{n^k}\exp\left(-\frac x{n^\ell}\right) =O_{\varepsilon,k,\ell}\left(x^{-\frac k\ell+\frac1{2\ell}+\varepsilon}\right)\quad (x\to\infty) \] for any \(\varepsilon>0\), \(k\ge 1\) and \(\ell>0\).