A diffusive Lotka-Volterra model with Robin boundary condition and sign-changing growth rates in time-periodic environment (Q6100884)

There is studied the problem with unknown functions \(p(t,x), \ q(t,x)\) and free boundary \(k(t)\) \[ \begin{alignedat}{3} &p_t - D_1p_{xx}= p\big(l_1(t,x) - m_1(t,x)p - n_1(t,x)q\big), && \ t > 0, \ x\in (0, k(t)), \\ &q_t - D_2q_{xx}= q\big(l_2(t,x) - m_2(t,x)p - n_2(t,x)q\big), && \ t > 0, \ x\in (0, k(t)), \\ &p(t,0) - Bp_x(t,0) = 0, \ q(t,0) - Bq_x(t,0) = 0, && \ t\ge 0, \\ &k'(t) = - \mu(p_x + \varrho q_x)(t, k(t)), \ p(t, k(t)) = q(t, k(t)) = 0, \ && \ t\ge 0, \\ &k(0) = k_0, \ p(0,x) = p_0(x), \ q(0,x) = q_0(x), && \ x\in[0,k_0], \end{alignedat} \tag{1} \] where \(D_1, D_2 > 0\), \( k_0 > 0\), \(B\), \(\mu\), \(\varrho\) are constants. Under the assumptions \(p_0, q_0 \in C^{2}([0,k_0])\), \( p_0, q_0 > 0\) in \((0, k_0)\) and under compatibility conditions on the boundary \(x = 0\): \(p_0(0) - Bp_{0x}(0) = 0\), \( q_0(0) - Bq_{0x}(0) = 0\) it is proved that 1) there exists a constant \(M^*>0\) such that \(0 < p(t,x), q(t,x) \le M^*\), \(0 < k'(t) \le M^*\) for \(t > 0\), \( 0\le x < k(t)\), \(||k'||_{C^{\alpha/2}([\delta+1,\,\delta+3])} \le M^*\) for any \(\delta\ge 0\), \(||p(t,\cdot),\,q(t,\cdot)||_{C^{\,1}([0,\,k(t)])} \le M^*\) for any \(t\ge 1\); 2) if \(k_\infty:=\lim_{t\to\infty}k(t) < \infty\), then \(\lim_{t\to\infty} k'(t) = 0\), \(\lim_{t\to\infty}\max_{0\le x\le k(t)} p(t,x) = 0\), and under some additional assumptions \(\lim_{t\to\infty}\max_{0\le x\le k(t)} q(t,x) = 0\) \ and \(\lim_{\delta\to\infty}q(t+\delta T_1, x) = Q_{k_\infty}(t,x)\) uniformly in \([0, T_1]\times [0, k_\infty]\), where \(Q_{k_\infty}(t,x)\) is the unique solution of the \(T\)-periodic second boundary value problem; 3) if \(k_\infty = \infty\), then \[ \varlimsup_{t\to\infty}\frac{k(t)}{t} \le \overline{s}_{01},\ \varliminf_{t\to\infty}\frac{k(t)}{t} \ge \overline{s}_{02}, \] where \(\overline{s}_{01}\), \( \overline{s}_{02}\) are definite positive constants.