Blow-up issues for the hyperelastic rod equation (Q6102537)

The authors consider the propagation of nonlinear waves inside a cylindrical hyperelastic rod whose diameter is small when compared to the axial length scale, and the 1D equation \(v_{\tau }+\sigma _{1}vv_{\xi }+\sigma _{2}v_{\xi \xi \tau }+\sigma _{3}(2v_{\xi }v_{\xi \xi }+vv_{\xi \xi \xi })=0\), where \( v=v(\tau \xi )\) represents the radial stretch relative to a prestressed state, \(\sigma _{1}\neq 0\), \(\sigma _{2}<0\) and \(\sigma _{3}\leq 0\) are constants determined by the prestress and the material parameters. Introducing the scaling transformations \(\tau =\tfrac{3\sqrt{-\sigma _{2}}}{ \sigma _{1}}t\), \(\xi =\sqrt{-\sigma _{2}}x\), with \(\gamma=3\sigma_{3}/( \sigma_{1} \sigma_{2})\), this equation becomes \(u_{t}-u_{txx}+3uu_{x}=\gamma (2u_{x}u_{xx}+uu_{xxx})\). Further introducing the function \(p(x)=\tfrac{1}{2} e^{-\left\vert x\right\vert }\), the Cauchy problem associated to the previous equation becomes \(u_{t}+\gamma uu_{x}+\partial _{x}p\ast (\tfrac{ 3-\gamma }{2}u^{2}+\tfrac{\gamma }{2}u_{x}^{2})=0\), \((t,x)\in (0,\infty )\times \mathbb{R}\), \(u(0,x)=u_{0}(x)\), \(x\in \mathbb{R}\). The authors recall the well-posedness of this Cauchy problem \(u\in C([0,T);H^{s}(\mathbb{ R}))\cap C^{1}([0,T);H^{s-1}(\mathbb{R}))\), if \(u_{0}\in H^{s}(\mathbb{R})\) with \(s>3/2\). The main result proves that if the slope of \(u_{0}\) satisfies: \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}}u_{0x}^{2n+1}dx<-\{\tfrac{k^{n+1}(3-\gamma )n^{n}(2n+1)^{n+1}}{((1+k)\gamma -3)2_{n}(2n^{2}+n-1)^{n+1}}\}^{\frac{2n-1}{ 2n}}\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{H^{1}}^{2n+1}, \] with \(0\leq \gamma \leq 3\), the solution \(u(t,x)\) to the preceding Cauchy problem blows up in finite time \(T\), which satisfies \[ T\leq \int_{-m(0)}^{\infty }\tfrac{dy}{\tfrac{ (2n-1)((1+k)\gamma -3)}{2k\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{H^{1}}^{\frac{2}{2n-1 }}}y\tfrac{2n}{2n-1}-K^{2}}, \] where \(n\in \mathbb{N}^{+}\) and \[ K=\sqrt{\tfrac{ (3-\gamma )(2n+1)^{n+1}(kn)^{n}}{2^{n+1}(n+1)^{n+1}(2n-1)^{n}}}\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{H^{1}}^{n+1}. \] The authors finally give an example of such a situation.