On the Rellich eigendecomposition of para-Hermitian matrices and the sign characteristics of \(\ast \)-palindromic matrix polynomials (Q6103356)

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how and when \textit{F. Rellich}'s theorem (see [Math. Ann. 113, 600--619 (1936; JFM 62.0452.04)]) can be generalized to the case of a matrix that is analytic and Hermitian on the unit circle. Given \(A(z) = [a_{i,j}(z)]\) whose entries are holomorphic in \(\mathbb{S}^1\), its para-Hermitian conjugate is defined as \(A(z)^P = [ \overline{a_{j,i}(\overline{z}^{-1})}]\). Moreover, a matrix \(R(z)\) is called a para-Hermitian matrix if \(R(z) = R(z)^P\) and a matrix \(U(z) \in H(\mathbb{S}^1)\) is called para-unitary if \(U(z)U(z)^P = U(z)^PU(z) = I\) Let \(H_N(\mathbb{S}^1)\) be the space of convergent Laurent series with variable \(z^{1/N}\) and \(P(\mathbb{S}^1) := \bigcup_{N>0} H_N(\mathbb{S}^1)\). Note that \(H(\mathbb{S}^1) \subseteq P(\mathbb{S}^1)\). The main theorem of the paper is: Theorem. Let \(A(z) \in P(\mathbb{S}^1)\) be a para-Hermitian matrix. There exists an eigendecomposition \(A(z) = U(z)D(z)U(z)^P\), where \(D(z)\in P(\mathbb{S}^1)\) is diagonal and real for all \(z \in \mathbb{S}^1\) and \(U(z)\in P(\mathbb{S}^1)\) is para-unitary. Also some results concerning the singular value decomposition of a matrix whose entries are \(\mathbb{S}^1\)-analytic functions of \(w= z^{1/N}\), and on the sign characteristics associated with unimodular eigenvalues of *-palindromic matrix polynomials are studied.