Genus two curves with full \(\sqrt{3}\)-level structure and Tate-Shafarevich groups (Q6103430)

Bruin, Flynn and Shnidman study here the moduli space \(H_3\) of principally polarized abelian surfaces with real multiplication by \(\sqrt{3}\) and full \(\sqrt{3}\)-level structure. This \(H_3\) turns out to be a rational surface. More precisely, the present authors realize the universal abelian surface over an open subset of \(H_3\) as the (relative) Jacobian of an explicit family \(C\rightarrow\mathbb{P}^2\smallsetminus\Delta\) of genus two curves. As a first application, they show the following result. For \(x\in(\mathbb{P}^2\smallsetminus\Delta)(\mathbb{Q})\), put \(A_x=\mathrm{Jac}(C_x)/\bigl<P_x\bigr>\) where \(P_x\) is the marked point of order \(3\). Fix \(r\geqslant1\) and order points in \(\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{Q})\) by height. Then for \(100\%\) of points \(x\in\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{Q})\), a positive proportion of the quadratic twists \(A_{x,d}\) of \(A_x\) satisfy \(\#\Sha(A_{x,d})[3]\geqslant3^r\). Here \(d\) varies through squarefree integers and \(\Sha(A)[3]\) denotes the \(3\)-torsion subgroup of the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(A\). As a second application, they consider \(y=(1:2:-1)\) and give an explicit bound on the average Mordell-Weil rank of the twists \(\mathrm{Jac}(C_y)_d\), as well as statistical results on the number of \(\mathbb{Q}\)-rational points of \(C_{y,d}\).