Trace codimensions of algebras and their exponential growth (Q6103910)

Trace codimensions give a quantitative description of the identities satisfied by an algebra with trace. Consider a variety \(\mathfrak V\) generated by an algebra \(A\). A \textit{codimension sequence} \(c_n(A)\) is a sequence of dimensions of spaces generated by multilinear words of length \(n\) on \(x_1,\ldots,x_n\) in the countably generated relatively free algebra of \(\mathfrak V\) with generators \(x_1,x_2,\ldots,\). Trace codimensions, etc. can be naturally defined. This notion which is analogous of Hilbert series was introduced by \textit{A. Regev} [Isr. J. Math. 47, 246--250 (1984; Zbl 0537.16014)]. In this nice paper, the authors study the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence of trace codimensions \(\mathrm{ctr}_n(A)\) and of pure trace codimensions \(\mathrm{ptr}_n(A)\) of a finite-dimensional algebra \(A\) over a field of characteristic zero. They find an upper and lower bound of both codimensions and as a consequence they get that the limits \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathrm{ctr}_n(A)\) and \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathrm{ptr}_n(A)\) always exist and are integers. This result gives a positive answer to a conjecture of Amitsur in this setting. Finally, the authors characterize the varieties of algebras whose exponential growth is bounded by \(2\).