Hecke equivariance of generalized Borcherds products of type \(O(2,1)\) (Q6111117)

Borcherds products, essentially automorphic forms with infinite product representations, have a distinguished history. The first example is the Delta function \[ q\prod_{n\geq1}(1-q^n)^{24}, \] whose ``exponents'' are all \(24\), and correspondingly this is essentially a Borcherds product of the Jacobi theta function \(\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}}q^{n^2}\). This product formula for Delta shows that it has no zeros in the upper half-plane. Similarly, other modular forms that are not products in as simple of a way can arise as Borcherds products of modular forms of half-integral weight. For instance, the weight \(4\) Eisenstein series\(E_4(\tau)=1+240\sum_{n\geq1}\sigma_3(n)q^n\) has a product expansion of the shape \[ \prod_{n\geq1}(1-q^n)^{a_n}, \] where \(a_1=-240\), \(a_2=26760\), \(a_3=-4096240\), and so on. These numbers are also coefficients a weight \(1/2\) form, and thanks to the Valence Formula, \(E_4\) has only a zero in the fundamental domain at the primitive third order root of unity \(\rho\). Of course, product formulas for functions often reveal information about zeros, and it is not a coincidence that \(E_4\) has a root at a ``nice'' point like \(\rho\) as well as a Borcherds product. Authors such as Bruinier and Bruinier-Schwagenscheidt have shown Converse Theorems that give sufficient conditions for modular forms to be Borcherds products. For example, if the roots are supported on Heegner divisors (combinations of CM points), given conditions on the multiplier system, rationality of coefficients at the cusps, and eigenvalues under the Fricke involution, one can show that it is a Borcherds lift of a modular or harmonic Maass form. This paper proved that a generalized Borcherds lifting is Hecke-equivariant under the extension of a Hecke structure previously defined by Guerzhoy. The authors also consider the logarithmic derivatives of the Borcherds products, and show Hecke equivariance under this operation as well. These Hecke relations allow them to prove relations among (twisted) traces of singular moduli mod primes powers.