Intermediate \(\beta\)-shifts as greedy \(\beta\)-shifts with a hole (Q6111804)

In this paper it is shown that every intermediate \(\beta\)-transformation is topologically conjugate to a greedy \(\beta\)-transformation with a hole at zero, and provide a counterexample illustrating that the correspondence is not one-to-one. This characterisation is employed to (1) build a Krieger embedding theorem for intermediate \(\beta\)-transformation, complementing the result of \textit{B. Li} et al. [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 147, No. 5, 2045--2055 (2019; Zbl 1442.37027)], and (2) obtain new metric and topological results on survivor sets of intermediate \(\beta\)-transformations with a hole at zero, extending the work of \textit{C. Kalle} et al. [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 40, No. 9, 2482--2514 (2020; Zbl 1448.11153)]. Further, a method to calculate the Hausdorff dimension of such survivor sets as well as results on certain bifurcation sets is derived. Moreover, by taking unions of survivor sets of intermediate \(\beta\)-transformations one obtains an important class of sets arising in metric number theory, namely sets of badly approximable numbers in non-integer bases. Under the assumption that the underlying symbolic space is of finite type, it is proved that these sets of badly approximable numbers are winning in the sense of Schmidt games, and hence have the countable intersection property, extending the results of \textit{H. Hu} and \textit{Y. Yu} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 418, No. 2, 906--920 (2014; Zbl 1345.37038)], \textit{J. Tseng} [ Nonlinearity 22, No. 3, 525--543 (2009; Zbl 1167.37018)] and \textit{D. Färm} et al. [Fundam. Math. 209, No. 2, 157--176 (2010; Zbl 1211.37047)].