The Toda flow on Hessenberg elements of real, split simple Lie algebras (Q6111911)

The classical Toda lattice is a system of particles of equal mass along a line where the particles interact with an exponential nearest-neighbor potential. Studies on the Toda lattice have gone in many directions. One of these is the study of Lax pair formulations of the equations of motion. In its symmetric form this involves decompositions of the Lie algebra \(gl(n, \mathbb{R})\). Here the author begins by considering the Toda flow associated with the compact and Borel decompositions of real split Lie algebras. One of the key elements here is the use of Chevalley primitive invariant polynomials. This leads to the construction of integrals in involution that are invariants of the maximal compact subgroup. The number of such integrals is computable in the Lie-theoretic framework using the work of \textit{G. C. Shephard} and\textit{J. A. Todd} [Canad. J. Math. 6, 274--304 (1954; Zbl 0055.14305)]. Then the author introduces the space of Hessenberg elements, proceeds to describe the generic Hessenberg coadjoint orbits, and identifies the dimension of such orbits. The main result is that if \(L_0\) is a generic Hessenberg element, then the dimension of the coadjoint orbit through \(L_0\) can be calculated directly. For classical real, split simple Lie algebras he constructs action-angle variables that show the Toda flow is Liouville-integrable on generic Hessenberg coadjoint orbits The author's approach differs from the direct method described in [\textit{L.-C. Li} and \textit{Z. Nie}, Comm. Math. Phys. 308, 415--438 (2011; Zbl 1253.37055)], which does not give any information on the angle-type variables and the geometry of the required linearization.