Essential surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces with singular surfaces (Q6113240)

Essential surfaces are an important topic in low dimensional topology and play an important role in the study of \(3\)-manifolds. It is well-known that in Seifert fiber spaces without singular surfaces, any two-sided essential surface can be isotoped to become vertical or horizontal (see [\textit{A. Hatcher}, Notes on basic 3-manifold topology. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, \url{https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/3M/3M.pdf}]). \textit{C. Frohman} [Topology Appl. 23, 103--116 (1986; Zbl 0606.57007)] showed that a closed one-sided incompressible surface in an orientable Seifert fiber space with orientable base can be isotoped to become pseudo-horizontal or pseudo-vertical. \textit{R. Rannard} [ibid. 72, No. 1, 19--30 (1996; Zbl 0859.57019)] extended this result to closed incompressible surfaces in non-orientable Seifert fiber spaces without singular surfaces. In the paper under review, the authors extend the result to characterise essential surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces which may have singular surfaces, i.e., in \(S^{1}\)-foliated \(3\)-manifolds which have fibered model neighbourhoods that are isomorphic to either a fibered solid torus or a fibered solid Klein bottle.