Diffusion orthogonal polynomials in 3-dimensional domains bounded by developable surfaces (Q6115699)

This paper addresses the problem of describing triples \((\Omega, \mathbf{L}, \mu)\), where \(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n\) is a domain, \(\mathbf{L}\) is a diffusion operator, and \(\mu\) is a probablity measure on \(\Omega\), such that there exists an orthonormal basis of \(\mathcal L^2(\mu)\) consisting of polynomials that are eigenvectors of \(\mathbf{L}\), with an additional compatibility condition on the degree filtration on the space of polynomials. This problem, called the (strong) diffusion orthogonal polynomial problem (or (S)DOP problem for short), was solved in dimension 2, both for the usual degree filtration (see [\textit{D. Bakry} et al., Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 30, No. 5, 985--1073 (2022; Zbl 1516.33007)]) and for the weighted degree filtration (see [\textit{S. Yu. Orevkov}, ``Two-dimensional diffusion orthogonal polynomials ordered by a weighted degree'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2205.04949}]). In this paper the case of dimension \(3\) and the usual degree filtration is considered. Building on a previous result, Theorem 2.21 in [D. Bakry et al., loc. cit.], if \((\Omega,\mathbf{L}, \mu)\) is a solution to the SDOP problem in dimension \(3\), then there is an algebraic surface \(\Sigma\) of degree \(6\) such that an open piece of it sits in \(\partial \Omega\). Assuming that \(\Sigma\) is a developable surface, i.e., the tangent developable of its cuspidal edge \(C\), all those \(\Sigma\)'s and \(C\)'s that give solutions of the SDOP problem over \(\mathbb C\) are described. The two main theorems describe all solutions in \(\mathbb R^3\) for bounded and unbounded \(\Omega\), respectively. To conclude, the author shows that each solution in the bounded case is an image of the Laplace operator on \(\mathbb S^3\) or \(\mathbb R^3\) through the quotient of a Coxeter group, and generalizes this construction to all dimensions. The last section treats the case when \(\Sigma\) is a cone.