A generalization of Alperin fusion theorem and its applications (Q6123756)

Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a saturated fusion system on a finite \(p\)-group \(S\) and let \(P\) be a strongly \(\mathcal{F}\)-closed subgroup of \(S\). In this paper the author defines the concept ``\(\mathcal{F}\)-essential subgroups with respect to \(P\)'' which are some proper subgroups of \(P\) satisfying some technical conditions. The author shows that an \(\mathcal{F}\)-isomorphism between subgroups of \(P\) can be factorized by some automorphisms of \(P\) and \(\mathcal{F}\)-essential subgroups with respect to \(P\). When \(P\) is taken to be equal to \(S\), the Alperin-Goldschmidt fusion theorem can be obtained as a special case. The author also shows that \(P \trianglelefteq \mathcal{F}\) if and only if there is no \(\mathcal{F}\)-essential subgroup with respect to \(P\). The author defines a \(p\)-group \(P\) strongly resistant in a saturated fusion systems if \(P \trianglelefteq \mathcal{F}\) whenever there is an over \(p\)-group \(S\) and a saturated fusion system \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(S\) such that \(P\) is strongly \(\mathcal{F}\)-closed. In the paper under review the author proves that several classes of \(p\)-groups are strongly resistant (see Theorem C). The authors also provides some a new necessary and sufficient criterion for a strongly \(\mathcal{F}\)-closed subgroup to be normal in \(\mathcal{F}\).