Automorphisms of the group of automorphisms of a universal Coxeter group (Q6131553)

Let \(F\) be the cyclic group of order 2 and \(W_{n}=\ast_{n} F\) an universal Coxeter group of rank \(n\). The main results proved in the paper under review are the following theorems. Theorem 1.1: If \(n \geq 5\), then \(\mathrm{Out}(\mathrm{Out}(W_{n}))=1\) and \(\mathrm{Out}(\mathrm{Out}(W_{4}))\simeq \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\). Theorem 1.2: If \(n \geq 4\), then \(\mathrm{Out}(\mathrm{Aut}(W_{n}))=1\). Similar results are known if \(n=2\), where all automorphisms of \(\mathrm{Out}(W_{2})\) are inner and \(\mathrm{Out}(\mathrm{Aut}(W_{2})) \simeq \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) and if \(n=3\), where \(\mathrm{Aut}(W_{3}) \simeq \mathbb{F}_{2}\) (\(\mathbb{F}_{2}\) a free group of rank 2) and \(\mathrm{Out}(W_{3}) \simeq \mathrm{PGL}(2, \mathbb{Z})\) (see [\textit{O. Varghese}, Expo. Math. 39, No. 1, 129-136 (2021; Zbl 07363316)]).