Fractional Sobolev spaces with kernel function on compact Riemannian manifolds (Q6141286)

Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be an \(n\)-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold, \(\mathcal{U}\) be a smooth open subset of \(\mathcal{M}\), \(K\) be a symmetric positive function on \(\mathcal{U\times U}\) satisfying both the Lévy-integrability and the coercive conditions, \(l\) be a \((1,\infty)\)-valued continuous variable exponent on \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}\) (the closure of \(\mathcal{M}\)), \(q\) be a positive continuous function on \(\mathcal{M}\), and \(p\) be a \((1,\infty)\)-valued function on \(\mathcal{U\times U}\) satisfying the following conditions: \(\bullet\) \(p(z,a)=p(a,z)\) for \((a,z)\in \mathcal{M}^2\). \(\bullet\) \(\displaystyle 1<\min_{(y,z)\in\mathcal{M}^2}p(y,z)\leq p(y,z)<\sup_{(y,z)\in\mathcal{M}^2}p(y,z)\). \(\bullet\) \(sp(y,z)<n\), \(p(y,y)<q(y)\) for every \((y,z)\in\mathcal{U}^2\) and \(s\in(0,1).\) \(\bullet\) \(\displaystyle \frac{NP(y,y)}{n-Sp(y,y)}>l(y)\geq \min_{y\in\overline{\mathcal{M}}}l(y)>1\). Then, the authors state two results: the first one states that the space \[ W^{s,q(y),p(y,z)}(\mathcal{U}):=\left\{u\in L^{q(y)}(\mathcal{U}):\int_{\mathcal{M}^2}\frac{|u(y)-u(z)|^{p(y,z)}}{K(y,z)}dy dz<\infty\right\} \] is compactly embedded in \(L^{l(y)}(\mathcal{U})\). Concerning the second one, first the authors consider the following fractional \(p(y,\cdot)\)-Laplacian problem: \[ \begin{cases} \mathcal{L}_g^K u(y)=\lambda\beta(y)|u(y)|^{r(y)-2}u(y)+f(y,&u(y))\text{ in }\mathcal{U}\\ &u=0\text{ in }\mathcal{M}\setminus\mathcal{U}, \end{cases}\tag{1} \] such that \(r\) is a \((1,\infty)\)-valued function on \(\mathcal{U}\), \(\lambda >0\), \(\beta\) is a bounded positive function on \(\mathcal{U}\), and \(\mathcal{L}_g^K u(y):=2\displaystyle\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0^+}\int_{\mathcal{M}\setminus\mathcal{B}_\varepsilon(y)}|u(y)-u(z)|^{p(y,z)-2}(u(y)-u(z))K(y,z)dv_g(z)\) where \(\mathcal{B}_\varepsilon (y)=\{z\in\mathcal{M}:d_g(y,z)<\varepsilon\}\) (\(d_g(\cdot,\cdot)\) is the geodesic distance), and \(f\) is a real-valued Carathéodory function on \(\mathcal{M}\times\mathbb R\) satisfying \(f(y,x)\leq \alpha(1+|x|^{q(y)-1})\) a.e. \((y,x)\in\mathcal{M}\times\mathbb R\) and \(\alpha>0\). Then they state that (1) has at least one weak solution in \(W^{s,q(y),p(y,z)}(\mathcal{U})\).