The double Gelfand-Cetlin system, invariance of polarization, and the Peter-Weyl theorem (Q6141327)

This paper is devoted, as the title suggests, to the double Gelfand-Cetlin system, invariance of polarization, and the Peter-Weyl theorem. The bundle projection \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\longrightarrow \mathrm{U}(n)\) is a real polarization of the cotangent bundle \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\), and yields the geometric quantization \(Q_1(T^*\mathrm{U}(n))=L^2(\mathrm{U}(n))\). The authors use the Gelfand-Cetlin systems of \textit{V. Guillemin} and \textit{S. Sternberg} [J. Funct. Anal. 52, 106--128 (1983; Zbl 0522.58021)] to show that \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\) has a different real polarization with geometric quantization \(Q_2(T^*\mathrm{U}(n))=\oplus_\alpha V_\alpha\otimes V^*_\alpha\), where the sum is over all dominant integral weights \(\alpha\) of \(\mathrm{U}(n)\). The Peter-Weyl theorem, which states that these two quantizations are isomorphic, may therefore be interpreted as an instance of ``invariance of polarization'' in geometric quantization. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject and statement of results. Section 2 is devoted to the double Gelfand-Cetlin system. The authors devote this section to the definition, the underlying theory, and the basic properties of the double Gelfand-Cetlin system on \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\). The section begins with a brief overview of the pertinent parts of Gelfand-Cetlin theory in arbitrary Lie type. A subsequent specialization to the case \(\mathrm{U}(n\)) is given and the author briefly reviews the Hamiltonian geometry of the cotangent bundle of a compact connected Lie group. The double Gelfand-Cetlin system on \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\) is then defined and studied, and the author computes the image of the moment map underlying this system. Section 3 deals with a geometric quantization of \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\). This section is entirely concerned with quantizing \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\) in the real polarization coming from the double Gelfand-Cetlin system. The author computes the Bohr-Sommerfeld set arising from this polarization, and uses the Bohr-Sommerfeld set and the Peter-Weyl theorem to present an instance of invariance of polarization.