Growth orders of Cesàro and Abel means of functions in Banach spaces (Q614505)

Let \(u\in C([0,\infty), X)\) be a continuous function with values in a Banach space \(X\). For \(\gamma \geq 0\), \(t\geq 0\), the \(\gamma\)-th order Cesàro mean \(c^{\gamma}_t\) of \(u\) over \([0,t]\) is defined as \(c_0^{\gamma}(u):=u(0)\), \(c_t^{0}(u):=u(t)\) and \[ c^{\gamma}_t(u):= \gamma t^{-\gamma}\int_0^t(t-s)^{\gamma -1}u(s)\,ds \] for \( t>0\) and \(\gamma >0\). For \(\lambda \in\mathbb R\) with Re\(\lambda> 0\), the Abel mean \(a_{\lambda}\) of \(u\) is defined as \[ a_{\lambda}(u):= \lim_{t\to \infty}\lambda\int_0^{t}e^{-\lambda s}u(s)\,ds, \] if the limit exists, and the abscissa of convergence \(\sigma(u)\) is defined by \[ \sigma(u):=\inf\{\text{Re}\lambda:\lim_{t\to \infty}\lambda\int_0^{t}e^{-\lambda s}u(s)\,ds \text{ exists}\}. \] In the paper under review, the authors study the relations among exponential and polynomial growth orders of the \(\gamma\)-Cesàro mean and of the Abel mean, and the abscissa of convergence of a function. In particular, it is proved that the Abel mean and all \(\gamma\)-Cesàro means (with \(\gamma >1\)) have the same polynomial growth order, when \(u\) is a positive function in a Banach lattice. As examples, the results are illustrated with \(u(t)=T(t)\) and \(u(t)=C(t)\), where \(T(t)\) is a \(C_0\)- semigroup and \(C(t)\) is a strongly continuous cosine family on \(X\).