Port-Hamiltonian formulations of the incompressible Euler equations with a free surface (Q6146402)

This paper considers the incompressible Euler equations with a free surface governed by surface tension and gravity. The authors present an approach that uses the notion of a port-Hamiltonian. A port-Hamiltonian system describes a non-conservative open dynamical system whose interaction with the environment is through energy flow over boundary ports. Port Hamiltonian systems have been described previously is several contexts, for example in [\textit{R. Rashad} et al., IMA J. Math. Control Inf. 37, No. 4, 1400--1422 (2020; Zbl 1472.93068)]. Here the authors consider a port-Hamiltonian approach for the incompressible Euler equations in a domain with a free surface combined with a fixed boundary surface where an inhomogeneous boundary condition is imposed. Their distributed-parameter port-Hamiltonian systems are constructed on an existing Hamiltonian using a Dirac structure (a geometric structure generalizing symplectic and Poisson structures, following an approach described in [\textit{T. J. Courant}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 319, No. 2, 631--661 (1990; Zbl 0850.70212)]). The dual flow and effort spaces are formally described using Sobolev spaces of differential forms. The primary focus in this paper is the proper choice of these Sobolev spaces, their duality relations, and and the formulation of a bilinear form and Dirac structure for the Euler equations with free surface.