Nodal domain theorems for \(p\)-Laplacians on signed graphs (Q6146940)

Summary: We establish various nodal domain theorems for \(p\)-Laplacians on signed graphs, which unify most of the existing results on nodal domains of graph \(p\)-Laplacians and arbitrary symmetric matrices. Based on our nodal domain estimates, we obtain a higher order Cheeger inequality that relates the variational eigenvalues of \(p\)-Laplacians and Atay-Liu's multi-way Cheeger constants on signed graphs. In the particular case of \(p=1\), this leads to several identities relating variational eigenvalues and multi-way Cheeger constants. Intriguingly, our approach also leads to new results on usual graphs, including a weak version of Sturm's oscillation theorem for graph \(1\)-Laplacians and nonexistence of eigenvalues between the largest and second largest variational eigenvalues of \(p\)-Laplacians with \(p>1\) on connected bipartite graphs.