Nagumo-type uniqueness and stability for nonlinear differential equations on semi-infinite intervals (Q6155330)

In the paper, solutions \(x=x(t)\) of the equation \[ x''=f(t,x),\quad t\geq t_0 \] are considered provided that \[ x(t_0)=x_0,\quad \lim_{t\to\infty}x(t)=\psi_0,\quad \lim_{t\to\infty}x'(t)e^t=0, \] where the function \(f\colon [t_0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous, \(t_0\geq 0\) and \(\psi_0\in \mathbb{R}\) are some constants. It is shown that the problem is equivalent with the integral equation \[ x(t)=\psi_0+\int_t^{\infty}(s-t)f(s,x(s))ds, \quad t\geq t_0. \] Under some restriction it is proved, by fixed point technique, that for every \(\psi_0\), there exists a \(T_0\geq t_0\) such that the integral equation has a unique bounded continuous solution on \([T_0,\infty)\) and that this solution is stable in the supremum norm with respect to \(\psi_0\). Using the integral equation, a sequence of successive approximations uniformly converging to this solution is constructed as well. It is mentioned that the nonlinear second-order differential equation modeling ocean flow in arctic gyres \[ x''=\frac{F(x(t))}{\cosh^2t}-\frac{2\nu\sinh t}{\cosh^3t}, \] where \(F\) is the oceanic vorticity and \(\nu>0\) is the non-dimensional form of Coriolis parameter, serves as a practical example of the problem considered.