On the random Chowla conjecture (Q6156078)

\textit{S. Chowla} conjectured [The Riemann hypothesis and Hilbert's tenth problem. (Mathematics and its Applications. Vol. 4). London and Glasgow: Blackie \& Son Ltd (1965; Zbl 0133.30003)] that for \(\lambda\) the Liouville (or the Möbius) function, one has \[ \sum_{n\le x} \lambda(P(n)) = o(x), \] when \(P\) is a polynomial in \(\mathbb{Z}[X]\) which is not a constant time a square. The case when \(P\) is a product of linear factors with integer coefficients is nowadays a hot subject. The authors consider the sums \(\sum_{n\le x}f(P(n))\) where f is a Steinhaus multiplicative function; such a function is defined in the following way: the sequence \((f(p))_{p \;prime}\) is a sequence of independent random variables uniformly distributed on the unit circle \(\{z : |z|=1\}\) and for any \(n\) one has \(f(n) = \prod_{p^{\beta}||n} (f(p))^{\beta}\). To avoid clumsy statements they introduce the harmless condition \(f(-n)=f(n)\) and \(f(0)=0\). Theorem 1.1. Let \(f\) be a Steinhaus random multiplicative function. Then for any polynomial \(P\) in \(\mathbb{Z}[X]\) with degree \(d \ge 2\) which is not of the form \(P(x)=w(x+c)^d\) for some \(w\) in \(\mathbb{Z}\) and \(c\) in \(\mathbb{Q}\), one has, as \(N\) tends to infinity \[ \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{n\le N} f(P(n)) \] tends in distribution towards the standard complex Gaussian distribution with mean \(0\) and variance \(1\). By a result of \textit{A. J. Harper} [Forum Math. Pi 8, Paper No. e1, 95 p. (2020; Zbl 1472.11254)] this result is false for linear polynomials and since \(f\) is completely multiplicative, it is also false when \(f\) is a constant multiple of a power. As regards large values, the authors obtain the following result which matches Khintchine's law of iterated logarithm Cor. 1.2. Let \(f\) be a Steinhaus random multiplicative function. Then for any polynomial \(P\) in \(\mathbb{Z}[X]\) with degree \(d \ge 2\) which is not a linear factors over \(\mathbb{Q}\), there almost surely exists arbitrary large x such that \[ \left|\sum_{n \le x} f(P(n))\right| \gg_d \sqrt{x \log\log x}. \] Proofs make use of recent ideas introduced by \textit{A. J. Harper} [Forum Math. Pi 8, Paper No. e1, 95 p. (2020; Zbl 1472.11254); Int. Math. Res. Not. 2023, No. 3, 2095--2138 (2023; Zbl 1515.11076)]. The well-written paper starts with a detailed introduction which presents the context of the results and an outline of the proofs.