Incompressible limit for a fluid mixture (Q6158271)

In fluid mechanics, the equation of state of a pure fluid involves the density \(\rho =\hat{\rho}(T,p)\) or the specific volume \(1/\rho =\hat{\nu}(T, p)\), where the constitutive functions \(\hat{\rho},\hat{\nu}\) depend on the temperature \(T\) and pressure \(p\), respectively. The incompressibility is a property defined via \(\partial_p\hat{\varrho}=0\) or \(\partial_p\hat{\nu}=0\). The author considers the isothermal viscous case for balance equations. Actually, this is the compressible Navier-Stokes (NSt) system which in the pressure-velocity formulation has the form: \[ \partial_p\hat{\rho}(T,p) (\partial_tp+v\cdot\nabla p)= -\hat{\rho}(T,p)\,\operatorname{div}\, v ,\tag{1} \] \[ \hat{\rho}(T,p) (\partial_tv+(v\cdot\nabla )v)+ \nabla p = \,\operatorname{div}\,\mathbb{S} +\hat{\varrho}(T,p)b. \] Here, \(\mathbb{S}\) is the viscous stress tensor. Note that \(\partial_p\hat{\varrho}\) yields the incompressible NSt equations with constant density for the variables \(p\), \((v_1, v_2, v_3)\). The incompressible limit for multicomponent fluids in the isothermal ideal case is an interesting topic here. The incompressibility is related to the Mach-number \(\mathrm{Ma}= \sqrt{\rho}|v|/\sqrt{p}\) or \(\mathrm{Ma}=|v|/ \sqrt{\partial_{\varrho}p}\). A flow is called a low Mach-number flow if, after rescaling of position, time, and all variables and data occurring in the NSt equations, it obeys \[ \partial_tp\varrho + \operatorname{div}(\varrho v)=0, \tag{2} \] \[ \varrho (\partial_tv+(v\cdot\nabla )v)+ (\epsilon^{-2})\nabla p = \,\operatorname{div}\,\mathbb{S} +\varrho b, \] with a global Mach-number \(\mbox{Ma} = \epsilon \ll 1\). Next, the author considers the incompressible limit for a fluid mixture of \(N > 1\) components. Here, the fluid mixture is assumed homogeneous, Newtonian and ideal. In particular, it is volume-additive and therefore it obeys the equation of state \(\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\rho_i \hat{\nu}(T,p)=1\), where \(\rho_1, \dots,\rho_N\) are the partial mass densities of the components and \(\hat{\nu}_i(T,p)= (1/\hat{\rho}_i)(T,p)\) denotes the specific volumes of the \(i^{th}\) component as ''pure substance''. The evolution of the partial mass densities \(\rho_1 , \dots,\rho_N\) and of the velocity field \(v = (v_1 , v_2 , v_3 )\) is described by the system of PDE: \[ \partial_t\rho_i + \operatorname{div}(\rho_iv+J^i)=0 \ \ (i=1,\dots,N), \tag{3} \] \[ \partial_t(\varrho v)+ \operatorname{div}(\varrho v\otimes v- \mathbb{S})+\nabla p = \varrho b, \] where \(J^i\) (\(i=1,2,\dots,N\)) are the diffusion fluxes, \(\mathbb{S}\) is the viscous stress tensor, \(p\) is the thermodynamic pressure, and \(b\) is the gravitational acceleration. Further, under the condition that the incompressible model possesses a sufficiently smooth solution the author considers the relative energy inequality. Thus, it is obtained convergence results for the densities and the velocity-field. In comparison to single-component flows, uniform estimates and the convergence of the pressure are needed in the multicomponent case. The reason is that the incompressible velocity field is not divergence-free. An important consequence is that ``certain constellations of the mobility tensor allow to control gradients of the entropic variables and yield the convergence of the pressure in \(L^1\) class''.