Left and right B-Fredholm operators (Q6159030)

Let \(X\) be a Banach space. A (bounded) operator \(T:X\to X\) is said to be \textit{left-Fredholm} if the kernel \(N(T)\) is finite dimensional and the range \(R(T)\) is a complemented subspace of \(X\); \(T\) is said to be \textit{right-Fredholm} if \(N(T)\) is complemented in \(X\) and \(R(T)\) is finite codimensional in \(X\) (hence closed); and \(T\) is said to be \textit{Fredholm} if it is left-Fredholm and right-Fredholm. Given an operator \(T:X\to X\) and \(n\in\mathbb{N}_0\) with \(R(T^n)\) closed, we denote by \(T_n\) the operator \(T\) acting from \(R(T^n)\) into \(R(T^n)\); hence \(T_0=T\). With this notation, \textit{M. Berkani} [Integral Equations Oper. Theory 34, No. 2, 244--249 (1999; Zbl 0939.47010)] introduced the \textit{B-Fredholm operators} as those operators \(T:X\to X\) such that, for some \(n\in\mathbb{N}_0\), \(T_n\) is Fredholm. Here the authors introduce and study the left-B-Fredholm and right-B-Fredholm operators as those operators \(T:X\to X\) such that, for some \(n\in\mathbb{N}_0\), \(T_n\) is left-Fredholm and right-Fredholm, respectively. Among other results, they show that the classes of left-B-Fredholm and right-B-Fredholm operators properly contain the classes of left-Fredholm and right-Fredholm operators, respectively, and that both classes are stable under finite rank perturbations and are contained in that of quasi-Fredholm operators. When \(X\) is a Hilbert space, \(T\) is left-B-Fredholm (right-B-Fredholm) if and only if \(T=Q\oplus F\), where \(Q\) is nilpotent and \(F\) is left-Fredholm (right-Fredholm). They also prove some spectral mapping theorems for the essential spectra associated to these classes of operators.