On a class of non-self-adjoint periodic eigenproblems with boundary and interior singularities (Q615966)

The following singular nonsymmetric differential equation is considered: \[ i\varepsilon{d\over dx}\biggl(f(x){du\over dx}\biggr)+ i{du\over dx}=\lambda u,\quad x\in (-\pi,\pi).\tag{1} \] It is assumed that \(f\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic and \(f(x+\pi)=- f(x)\), \(f(-x)= f(x)\) for \(x\in\mathbb{R}\). Moreover, \(f\) is positive on the interval \((0,2\pi)\) and \(f\) is continuous and differentiable except possibly for a finite number of points in \((-\pi,\pi)\). The main result obtained in the paper asserts that all eigenvalues of (1) are real under some assumptions imposed on \(f\). Moreover, it is shown that (1) possesses, for each complex \(\lambda\), a unique solution (up to scalar multiples) in the Hilbert space \(L^2(-\pi,\pi)\).