Linearization and connection coefficients of polynomial sequences: a matrix approach (Q6161118)

For any sequence of one real or complex variable polynomial sequence \((p_{k}(t))\) which is orthogonal with respect to certain weight function, with \(\deg p_k =k\) for \(k\in \mathbb N_{0}\), the author finds explicit expressions and recurrence relations for infinite matrices whose entries are the numbers \(d(n,m,k)\), called \textit{linearization coefficients}, that satisfy for \(n, m \in \mathbb N_{0}\) \[ p_{n}(t)p_{m}(t) =\sum_{k=0}^{n+m} d(n, m, k)p_{k}(t). \] Observe that for any pair of polynomial sequences \((u_{k}(t))\) and \((p_{k}(t))\), the author also finds infinite matrices whose entries are the numbers \(e(n, m, k)\) that satisfy for \(n, m \in \mathbb N_{0}\) \[ p_{n}(t)p_{m}(t) =\sum_{k=0}^{n+m} e(n, m, k)u_{k}(t). \] He also obtains recurrence relations and other properties of the linearization coefficients. Such results are obtained by using only simple algebraic properties of infinite matrices. The author applies the general results to general orthogonal polynomial sequences and some simple families of orthogonal polynomials, such as the Chebyshev, Hermite, and Charlier families.