On Bochner's almost-periodicity criterion (Q6162521)

Let \((X,d)\) be a complete metric space. We denote by \(\mathbb{R}^{+}:=\left\{ t\in\mathbb{R};t\geq 0\right\} .\) Let \(E\) be a topological space. We denote by \(C(E,X)\) the space of all continuous functions from \(E\) into \(X\). When \(J= \mathbb{R}\) or \(J= \mathbb{R}^{+}\), we denote by \(BC(J,X)\) the space of all bounded and continuous functions from \(J\) into \(X\) equipped with the sup-distance, denoted by \[ d_{\infty }\left( u,v\right) :=\sup_{t\in\mathbb{R}}d\left( u\left( t\right) ,v\left( t\right) \right) \] when \(J=\mathbb{R}\) and \[ d_{\infty ,+}\left( u,v\right) :=\sup_{t\geq 0}d\left( u\left(t\right) ,v\left( t\right) \right) \] when \(J=\mathbb{R}^{+}\) for \(u,v\in BC(J,X)\). The metric spaces \((BC(\mathbb{R},X),d_{\infty })\) and \((BC(\mathbb{R}^{+},X),d_{\infty ,+})\) are complete. A subset \(D\) of \(\mathbb{R}\) (respectively of \(\mathbb{R}^{+}\)) is said to be relatively dense if there exists \(l>0\) such that \(D\cap\lbrack \alpha ,\alpha +l]\neq \emptyset \) for all \(\alpha \in\mathbb{R}\) (respectively \(\alpha \geq 0\)). A continuous function \(u:R\rightarrow X\) is said to be almost periodic (in the sense of Bohr) if for each \(\varepsilon >0\), the set of \(\varepsilon \)-almost periods: \[ P(u,\varepsilon )=\left\{ \tau \in\mathbb{R};\sup_{t\in\mathbb{R}}d\left( u\left( t+\tau \right) ,u\left( t\right) \right) \leq\varepsilon \right\} \] is relatively dense in \(\mathbb{R}\). We denote the space of all such functions by \(AP(\mathbb{R},X)\). For \(u\in BC(\mathbb{R},X)\), we define the translation mapping \(T_{\tau }u\in BC(\mathbb{R},X)\) by \(T_{\tau }u(t)=u(t+\tau )\) for \(t,\tau \in\mathbb{R}\) and the restriction operator \(R:BC(\mathbb{R},X)\rightarrow BC(\mathbb{R}^{+},X)\) defined by the formula \(R(u)(t):=u(t)\) for \(t\geq 0\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem: Theorem. Let \((X,d)\) be a complete metric space. For \(u\in BC(\mathbb{R},X)\) the following statements are equivalent. i) \(u\in AP(\mathbb{R},X)\). ii) The set \(\{T_{\tau }u;\tau \geq 0\}\) is relatively compact in \((BC(\mathbb{R},X),d_{\infty })\). iii) The set \(\{R(T_{\tau }u);\tau \in R\}\) is relatively compact in \((BC(\mathbb{R}^{+},X),d_{\infty ,+})\). Then the author presents several corollaries and remarks that are a consequence of the above theorem.