The generalized transfer theorem (Q6163759)

Let \(K\) be a global field and let \({\mathcal O}_K\) be its ring of integers. The \textit{transfer theorem} considers a sentence \(\theta\) of the language \({\mathcal L}(\mathrm{ring},{\mathcal O}_K)\) of rings where each element of \({\mathcal O}_K\) is a constant symbol and it establishes that the set \(\sum_{\tilde K/K}(\theta)\) of all \(\sigma\) in the absolute Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}(K)\) of \(K\) for which \(\theta\) holds in the fixed field \(\tilde K(\sigma)\) of \(\sigma\) in the algebraic closure \(\tilde K\) of \(K\) is measurable and its Haar measure \(\mu_K\big(\sum_{\tilde K/K}(\theta)\big)\) is equal to the Dirichlet density \(\delta(A_{{\mathcal O}_K}(\theta))\) of the set \(A_{{\mathcal O}_K}(\theta)\) of all maximal ideals \({\mathfrak p}\) of \({\mathcal O}_K\) for which \(\theta\) holds in \(\tilde K_{\mathfrak p}:= {\mathcal O}_K/{\mathfrak p}\). The main objective of this paper is to generalize the transfer theorem to integrally closed integral domains \(R\) finitely generated as \({ \mathbb Z}\)-algebras or finitely generated as \({\mathbb F}_p\)-algebras and are infinite. The main result is that if \(\theta\) is a sentence of \({\mathcal L}(\mathrm{ring},R)\), then \(\sum_{\tilde K/K}(\theta)\) is measurable, \(A_R(\theta)\) has a Dirichlet density, and \(\delta\big( A_R(\theta)\big)=\mu_K\big(\sum_{\tilde K/K}(\theta)\big)\); furthermore \(\delta\big(A_R(\theta)\big)\) is a rational number, \(\delta\big(A_R( \theta)\big)=0\) iff \(A_R(\theta)\) is a small set (according to Remark 3.1), and \(\delta\big(A_R(\theta)\big)\) depends only on \(K\). Finally, the authors prove that if \(R\) and \(\theta\) are given explicitly, then \(\delta\big(A_R(\theta)\big)\) can be recursively computed.