Procrustes problems and associated approximation problems for matrices with \(k\)-involutory symmetries (Q616417)

A matrix \(R\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) is \(k\)-involutary if its minimal polynomial is \(x^{k}-1\) for some \(k\geqslant2,\) so \(R^{k-1} = R ^{-1}\) and the eigenvalues of \(R\) are \(1, \zeta, \zeta^{2}, \dots, \zeta^{k-1},\) where \(\zeta= e^{2\pi i/k}.\) Let \(\alpha,\mu\in\{0, 1,\dots, k -1\}.\) If \(R \in\mathbb{C}^{m\times m},\) \(A \in\mathbb{C}^{m\times n},\) \(S\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) and \(R\) and \(S\) are \(k\)-involutory, then \(A\) is called \((R, S, \mu)\)-symmetric if \(RAS^{ -1 }= \zeta^{\mu}A,\) and \(A\) is \((R, S, \alpha, \mu)\)-symmetric if \(RAS^{ -\alpha} =\zeta^{\mu} A.\) Let \(\mathcal{L}\) be the class of \(m \times n\) \((R, S,\mu)\)-symmetric matrices or the class of \(m \times n\) \((R, S, \alpha, \mu)\)-symmetric matrices. Given \(X \in\mathbb{C}^{n\times t}\) and \(B\in\mathbb{C}^{m\times t},\) the authors characterize the matrices \(A\) in \(\mathcal{L}\) that minimize \(\|AX- B\|\) (Frobenius norm), and, given an arbitrary \(W\in\mathbb{C}^{m\times n},\) the authors find the unique matrix \(A \in\mathcal{L}\) that minimizes both \(\|AX- B\|\) and \(\|A- W\|\). The authors also present necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of \(A \in\mathcal{L}\) such that \(AX = B,\) and, assuming that the conditions are satisfied, characterize the set of all such \(A.\)