The first moment of \(L\)-functions of primitive forms on \(\Gamma _{0}(p^\alpha )\) and a basis of old forms (Q616434)

Consider the space of cusp forms \(S_k(N)\) of weight \(k\) for \(\Gamma_0(N)\). The set of primitive forms in \(S_k(N)\) is denoted by \(H_k(N)\). Each \(f \in S_k(N)\) has the expansion \[ f(z) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \lambda_f(n) \, n^\frac{k-1}{2} \, e^{2\pi in z} \] with \(|\lambda_f(n)| \leq d(n)\) where \(d(n)\) is the divisor function. The inner product of the space \(S_k(n)\) is defined by \[ \langle f,g \rangle_N = \int_{\Gamma_0(N) \backslash \mathbb{H}} f(z) \overline{g(z)} \, y^{k-2} \,dx\,dy. \] Let \(\chi\) be a primitive character of modulus \(q\) coprime to \(N\). The \(L\)-function \(L_f(s,\chi)\) is defined by \[ L_f(s,\chi) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\lambda_f(n)\, \chi(n)}{n^s} \] for \(\sigma = \text{re}(s) >1\). It can be continued to a holomorphic function on the whole complex plane. The main result of the paper is the following: Theorem. Let \(k \in \{2,4,6,8,10,14\}\), \(p\) a prime number, \(\alpha \in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\chi\) a prime character of modulus \(q\) coprime to \(p\). For any fixed real number \(y\), the estimate \[ \begin{aligned} &\frac{\Gamma(k-1)}{(4\pi)^{k-1}} \sum_{f \in H_k(p^\alpha)} \frac{L_f\left( \frac{1}{2} +iy , \chi\right)}{\langle f,f \rangle_{p^\alpha}} \\ = & 1- c_p(\alpha) + \begin{cases} \mathcal{O}\left( p^{-\frac{k}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}} q^\frac{k}{2} (1 + |y|)^\frac{k}{2} \right) &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha = 1,\\ \mathcal{O}\left( p^{-\frac{5}{4}} q^\frac{k}{2} (1 + |y|)^\frac{k}{2} \right) &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha = 2,\\ \mathcal{O}\left( (\alpha+1) p^{-\frac{(\alpha-1)k}{2}+ \frac{(\alpha-1) +k}{4}-1} q^\frac{k}{2} (1 + |y|)^\frac{k}{2} \right) &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha \geq 3 \end{cases} \end{aligned} \] holds. The implicit constants are absolute and \(c_p(\alpha)\) is given by \[ c_p(\alpha) = \begin{cases} 0 &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha = 1,\\ p(p^2-1) &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha = 2,\\ p^{-1} &\quad \text{if} \; \alpha \geq 3. \end{cases} \] The special case \(N=p\) and \(k=2\) can already be found in \textit{W.\ Duke} [Invent.\ Math.\ 119, No. 1, 165--174 (1995; Zbl 0838.11035)]. The author continues to give the following estimate as a corollary: There exists an \(M \in \mathbb{N}\) such that for all \(p + \alpha > M\) one has \[ \left|\{ f \in H_k(p^\alpha) \mid \left( \tfrac{1}{2} +iy , \chi\right) \neq 0 \}\right| > C \big(1-c(\alpha)\big)^2 \frac{p^\alpha}{(\log p^\alpha ) ^2}. \] One of the main ingredients in the proof of the above theorem is an asymptotic functional equation for the \(L\)-function: for any primitive \(f \in H_k(N)\) and \(X>0\) we have \[ L_f\left( \tfrac{1}{2} + iy , \chi \right) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\lambda_f(n) \chi(n)}{n^{\frac{1}{2}+iy}} e^{\left( \frac{n}{X}\right)^\frac{k+1}{2}} - I. \] The remainder term \(I\) is explicitly given.