Galoisian obstructions to non-Hamiltonian integrability (Q616747)

The authors of this interesting note consider the Morales-Ruiz--Ramis--Simo theorem for Galoisian obstructions [\textit{J. J. Morales-Ruiz} et al., Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 40, No. 6, 845--884 (2007; Zbl 1144.37023)] to meromorphic integrability of Hamiltonian systems. They extend this theorem to the non-Hamiltonian systems. Let \(X\) be a vector field on a manifold \(M\) of dimension \(m\). Assume there are integers \(k\geq 1\), \( l\geq 0\) such that \(k+l=m\) and linearly independent (almost everywhere) vector fields \(X_1,X_2,\dots ,X_k\) on \(M\). These vector fields commute pairwise, \([X_i,X_j]=0\) \(\forall i,j\) and \(X_1=X\). Also there are common first integrals \(f_1,\dots ,f_l\) (functionally independent almost everywhere), such that \(X_i(f_j)=0\) \(\forall i,j\). Then \(X\) is integrable in the non-Hamiltonian sense. The vector field \(X\) is meromorphically integrable if the vector fields \(X_1,X_2,\dots ,X_k\) and the functions \(f_1,\dots ,f_l\) are meromorphic on \(M\). It is known that there exists the differential Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}({\mathcal{M}}_{X}^{n}(\Gamma )/{\mathcal{M}}(\Gamma ))\) of the extension \({\mathcal{M}}_{X}^{n}(\Gamma )/{\mathcal{M}}(\Gamma )\), where \({\mathcal{M}}(\Gamma )\) is the field of meromorphic functions on the immersed Riemann surface in \(M\). Denote the Picard-Vessiot extension of \({\mathcal{M}}(\Gamma )\) associated to the corresponding linear system of equations on \(J_{\Gamma }^{n}\) (a locally trivial complex vector bundle over \(\Gamma \)). The main result of Morales, Ramis, Simo is that if \(M\) is a symplectic manifold and \(X\) is a Hamiltonian vector field which is meromorphically integrable à la Liouville, then the Galois groups are virtually abelian. Having in mind this theorem the authors extend it to the non-Hamiltonian case. It means that if the dynamical system is meromorphically integrable in the non-Hamiltonian sense, then the differential Galois groups of the variational equations along its solutions must be virtually abelian.